Myeloperoxidase activity

Grisham, M.B., Ryan, E. and Von Ritter, C. (1987). 5-Aminosalicylic acid scavenges hydroxyl radical and inhibits myeloperoxidase activity. Gastroenterology 92, 1416. 

Dogan, P., Soyuer, U., Tanrikulu, G. (1989). Superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, in psoriasis. Brit. J. Dermatol. 120,239-44. 

Hoshino H. Laan M. Sjostrand M, Lotvall J. Skoogh BE. Linden A Increased elas-tase and myeloperoxidase activity associated with neutrophil recruitment by IL-17 in airways in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000 105 143-149. 

Pancreatic effect. Cigarette smoke, administered to anesthetized rats alone or in combination with iv ethanol infusion, reduced pancreatic blood flow temporarily and increased leukocyte-endothelium interaction (roller p < 0.001, sticker p < 0.01 vs baseline). Cigarette smoke potentiated the impairment of pancreatic capillary perfusion caused by ethanol, and both the number of rolling leukocytes and myeloperoxidase activity levels were increased compared with ethanol or nicotine administration alone h Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, administered to rats, induced pancreatic acinar cell and ductal cell neoplasms. One of the tumors had a mixed ductal-squamous-islet cell components . 

Pincemail J, Deby C, Thirion A, de Bruyn-Dister M, Goutier R. 1988. Fluman myeloperoxidase activity is inhibited in vitro by quercetin. Comparison with three related compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 44 450-453. 

It is possible to measure the formation of various radicals such as reactive oxygen species in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate the nuclear factor of activated T cell transcription factor (NFAT), which is associated with its dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and increased affinity for DNA binding. Vanadium activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was found to correlate with formation of the ROS H202 and was dependent upon the activity of calcium channels [39], In activated human neutrophiles, vanadium(II), (III), and (IV) increased hydroxyl radical formation and attenuation of myeloperoxidase activity, whereas V(V) did not show these effects. Similar results were seen in a cell-free system [40], Increased lipid peroxidation in liver but not in kidneys was found in normal rats treated with vanadate [41]. 

Williams et al. (1997) described renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The animals were anesthetized and subjected to 45min of bilateral renal occlusion using atraumatic vascular clamps before renal perfusion was reestablished. After various time interval (up to lweek) blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and myeloperoxidase activity in the kidney were determined. The protective effects of an intracellular adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody were tested. 

Finally, routine animal models for inflammatory diseases can be used for testing the in vivo efficacy of selectin antagonists the murine peritonitis model and the ear edema model are the most common. In the murine peritonitis model [200], the migration of leukocytes in response to an acute inflammatory stimulus is assessed by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate. In the arachidonic acid- or croton oil-induced ear edema model [131,201], inflammation is measured as neutrophil infiltration, represented by myeloperoxidase activity in ear biopsy samples. 

A.T. Gonon, A.V. Gourine, R.J.M. Middelveld, K. Alving and J. Pemow, Limitation of infarct size and attenuation of myeloperoxidase activity by an endothelin A receptor antagonist following ischemia and reperfusion, Bas. Res. Cardiol. 96, 454-462 (2001). 

In addition, the hydrolytic digestion of bacteria after phagocytosis may also be impaired due to reduced myeloperoxidase activity in iron-deficient granulocytes (Chandra et al. 1975). 

Attracts CLA+ T cells and directs them into the skin Attracts lymphocyte subsets during inflammation facilitates certain immune response Stimulates proliferation of epidermal and epithelial cells inhibits gastric secretion involves in wound healing Induces proliferation and migration fenestration in capillary endothelial cells Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, vasculogenesis, neovessel formation inhibits angiogenesis of vascular beds suppresses tumor growth induces apoptosis and myeloperoxidase activity from neutrophils... 

Wang K, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Tarakji K, Qin JX, Sitges M, Shiota T, Forudi F, Schaub RG, Kumar A, Penn MS, Topol FJ, Lincoff AM. Recombinant solnble P-selectin glycoprotein Ugand-Ig (rPSGL-Ig) attenuates infarct size and myeloperoxidase activity in a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion. Thromb Haemost. 2002 88 149-154. 

Zebrafish have emerged as a powerfiil model organism to study neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation in vivo. Studies of neutrophil chemotaxis in animal models have previously been hampered both by the limited number of specimens available for analysis and by the need for invasive procedures to perform intravital microscopy. Due to the transparency and cell permeability of zebrafish embryos these limitations are circumvented, and the zebrafish system is amenable to both live time-lapse imaging of neutrophil chemotaxis and for screening of the effects of chemical compounds on the inflammatory response in vivo. Here, we describe methods to analyze neutrophil-directed migration toward wounds using both fixed embryos by myeloperoxidase activity assay, and live embryos by time-lapse microscopy. Further, methods are described for the evaluation of the effects of chemical compounds on neutrophil motility and the innate immune responses in zebrafish embryos. 

Key words Zebrafish, Neutrophil, Chemotaxis, Myeloperoxidase activity assay. Time-lapse microscopy... 

Salh et al. also showed that curcumin is able to attenuate colitis in the dinitrobenzene (DNB) sulfonic acid-induced murine model of colitis. When given before the induction of colitis, it reduced macroscopic damage scores, NF-kB activation, and myeloperoxidase activity, and it attenuated the DNB-induced message for IL-ip. Western blotting analysis revealed a reproducible DNB-induced activation of p38 MAPK in intestinal lysates detected by a phosphospecific antibody. This signal was significantly... 

J.K Hurst, Myeloperoxidase active site structure and catalytic mechanisms, in "Peroxidases in Chemistry and Biology," Vol. 1, J. Everse, K.E. Everse, and M.B. Grisham, eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton (1991). 

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