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Organophosphate pesticides application

Horowitz SH, Stark A, Marshall E, et al. A multi-modality assessment of peripheral nerve function in organophosphate-pesticide applicators. J Occup Environ Med 1999 41(5) 405 8. [Pg.227]

The TGD (EC 2003) contains a section on specific system/organ toxicity, which includes a section concerning guidance on investigation of neurotoxicity and EU-specific risk assessment. Eor the evaluation of organophosphate pesticides, it has been agreed to use the WHO/FAO JMPR recommendations (FAO 1998, 1999) (Section 4.7.7.3.1) as the applicability of these recommendations also can be extended to biocides and new/existing substances. [Pg.142]

Organophosphate and carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors (see Chapter 7) are widely used to kill insects and other pests. Most cases of serious organophosphate or carbamate poisoning result from intentional ingestion by a suicidal person, but poisoning has also occurred at work (pesticide application or packaging) or, rarely, as a result of food contamination or terrorist attack (eg, release of the chemical warfare nerve agent sarin in the Tokyo subway system in 1995). [Pg.1259]

Since a variety of pesticides were used, the alkyl phosphates present in urine could not be related to a particular pesticide application. The method identified and quantitatively determined the alkyl phosphates derived from the organophosphates the men were applying. Values in unexposed workers varied from. 02 to. 24 ppm, and from. 02 to 2.4 ppm in unexposed workers. [Pg.43]

Dialifor. The organophosphate pesticide, dialifor, is registered for use in control of insects on such crops as grapes and citrus. Significant exposure to this toxic compound is feasible for pesticide formulators, and applicators, and for field workers who harvest the crops. We have applied reverse phase HPLC for analysis of this compound on wipe (filter) samples taken in the field. For this analysis, the following conditions and parameters are employed ... [Pg.104]

The feasibility of employing fluorescent tracers and video imaging analysis to quantify dermal exposure to pesticide applicators has been demonstrated under realistic field conditions. Six workers loaded a tracer with the organophosphate pesticide, diazinon, into air blast sprayers, and conducted normal dormant spraying in pear orchards. They were examined prior to and immediately after the application. UV-A illumination produced fluorescence on the skin surface, and the pattern of exposure was digitized with a video imaging system. Quantifiable levels of tracer were detected beneath cotton coveralls on five workers. The distribution of exposure over the body surface varied widely due to differences in protective clothing use, work practices and environmental conditions. This assessment method produced exposure values at variance with those calculated by the traditional patch technique. [Pg.377]

Musameh MM, Gao Y, Hickey M, Kyratzis IL (2012) Application of carbon nanotubes in the extraction and electrochemical detectirai of organophosphate pesticides a review. Anal Lett... [Pg.689]

Method 1 (cellulose layers). The cellulose powder is washed twice with isopropanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (6 3 1), washed once in isopropanol and dried at 10S °C for 8 h. The plates (thickness, 0.25 mm) are prepared with a commercial TLC applicator. The slurry consists of 15 g of prepared cellulose in 85 ml of water which has been homogenized in a blender. The plates are dried at room temperature, and then eluted with diethyl ether in order to remove organic impurities. The plates are dried in air immediately before use. The pesticides are spotted and developed with appropriate solvent systems. The chromatoplate is dried in air and sprayed lightly with a 0.05% solution of fisetin in isopropanol. The separated spots are observed visually under a UV light at 365 nm (excitation, 370 nm emission, 533 nm). This method has been examined for several types of pesticides including carbamates, organophosphates, triazines and chlorinated hydrocarbons. [Pg.187]

Four primary factors apparently lead to an incident 5 or more days after application a dusty work environment, use of a sufficiently toxic organophosphate, conversion of the parent compound to its oxon metabolite, and dry conditions. The dusty working environment has been recognized since 1952 as a key element for transferring pesticides from leaf, fruit, and soil surfaces to a field laborer (] ). The type of dust, i.e. soil type, also influences the rate of conversion of an organophosphate to its more toxic oxon form (2). And dry conditions are necessary for the persistence of these oxon residues over long periods of time 3). [Pg.67]

Several qualitative and quantitative immunochemical methods and their application to the analysis of environmental samples have been described for OP insecticides, a family that includes widely used pesticides such as azinphos-ethyl/methyl, dichlorvos, fenitrothion or fenthion, malathion, mevinphos, and parathion. Mercader and Montoya202 produced monoclonal antibodies against azinphos-methyl and developed an ELISA that was used for the analysis of water samples from different sources, reaching detectability levels near 0.05 pg I. Watanabe et al.203 reported the production of polyclonal antibodies and ELISA procedures to analyze fenitrothion in river, tap, and mineral water (LOD = 0.3 pg L ). Banks et al.204 produced polyclonal antibodies against dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide used for stored grain, which also cross-reacts with fenitrothion. Nishi et al.205 reported the first immunoassay for malathion. Residues of this insecticide have... [Pg.152]

The pesticide family most widely used in agricultural and residential applications is the organophosphates, which affect the nervous system by reducing the ability of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase to properly regulate the concentration of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. If acetylcholine accumulates, the nerve impulses or neurons remain active longer than usual, overstimulating the nerves and muscles and causing symptoms such as weakness or muscle paralysis and death [112]. [Pg.191]

As an example of differences in soil residue persistence between the organophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, parathion and malathion residues were present at the 0.1 p.p.m. level within 8 days of application whereas aldrin [according to Lichtenstein (23)] when applied at the same concentration, persisted 5 months longer as did aldrin and dieldrin at 40% of the applied dosage. Decker et al. (12) report that aldrin and dieldrin residues in soils never exceeded 13.2% of the total applied when tested one year after the last application. Other workers (24) have reported that on a loamy soil, under existing weather conditions, aldrin and dieldrin residues were present at a level of approximately 20% of the total applied insecticidal dosage over a 5-year period. [Pg.249]

The widely used organophosphate Insecticide methyl parathlon was the first material to be formulated as a microencapsulated pesticide. This formulation, sold under the tradename PENNCAP-M Insecticide (a registered trademark of Pennwalt Corporation), consists of nylon-type microcapsules which contain the active Ingredient. The capsules are suspended In water and typically have an average particle size of approximately 25 microns (fifty percent by weight of the capsules have a particle size of 25 microns or more). Upon application by conventional spray equipment the water evaporates, and the active Ingredient Is slowly released over an extended period of time. [Pg.141]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.348 ]




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