Ammonium hydroxide water

Boron zirconimn chelates from ammonium hydroxide water-soluble amines sodium or potassimn zirconium and organic acid salts such as lactates, citrates, tartrates, glycolates, malates, gluconates, glycerates, and mandelates with polyols such as glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides [463,464,1592,1593]... 

Equimolar quantities of 2,4-diamino-l,5-benzenediol dihydrochloride and isophthalic acid were mixed in fresh poly (phosphoric acid) using a high-shear stirrer under a slow stream of nitrogen gas. The system was heated at 40°C for 6 hours, at CG°C for 18 hours, at 120°C for 6 hours, at 160°C for 8 hours, and at 220°C for 24 hours. The resultant mixture was dark brown. The polymer was precipitated from water. After filtration and washing with water and methanol, the solid product was then dissolved in methane-sulfonic acid, filtered and precipitated by the addition of methanol. The solid was washed with concentrated ammonium hydroxide, water, methanol, methanol/benzene mixtures (with a volume ratio of 1/1), and finally benzene. The final product was dark brown. 

Method 1 (cellulose layers). The cellulose powder is washed twice with isopropanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (6 3 1), washed once in isopropanol and dried at 10S °C for 8 h. The plates (thickness, 0.25 mm) are prepared with a commercial TLC applicator. The slurry consists of 15 g of prepared cellulose in 85 ml of water which has been homogenized in a blender. The plates are dried at room temperature, and then eluted with diethyl ether in order to remove organic impurities. The plates are dried in air immediately before use. The pesticides are spotted and developed with appropriate solvent systems. The chromatoplate is dried in air and sprayed lightly with a 0.05% solution of fisetin in isopropanol. The separated spots are observed visually under a UV light at 365 nm (excitation, 370 nm emission, 533 nm). This method has been examined for several types of pesticides including carbamates, organophosphates, triazines and chlorinated hydrocarbons. 

I. Thin-layer chromatography Mangalan et al. [53] used of an HPTLC method for the detection and determination of omeprazole in plasma levels. Plasma was extracted three times with dichloromethane at pH 6.5-7 and the combined extracts were evaporated to dryness at 60 °C. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and the solution was analyzed by TLC on aluminium-packed plates precoated with Silica gel 60 F254 with the upper organic layer of butanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (14 1 15) as mobile phase. The spots were observed by fluorescence quenching under UV light illumination at 280 nm the total area of each... 

System A - isopropyl alcohol - 15N ammonium hydroxide-water (8 1 1)... 

For the separatory determination of pyridoxine in multi-vitamin preparations, other vitamins are separated by paper chromatography in which the upper layer of butanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (4 1 5) are used as the developer, and by the one-dimensional ascending method (102). 

Properties Light-blue crystals. D 2.559 loses 4H20 at 50-100C. Soluble in acids, ammonium hydroxide, water insoluble in alcohol. 

Potassium dihydrophosphate Magnesium sulfate Ammonium hydroxide Water... 

Carmine is achieved by the complexing of cochineal extract with calcimn and aluminium. It can be standardised with maltodextrin or lactose and sold as carmine lake products of different concentrations and different shades of pink through red and violet to blue. Carmine is insoluble in water and acids, but soluble in alkali. By dissolving carmine lake in aqueous potassium, sodium and ammonium hydroxide, water-soluble powders and solutions can be made. Carmine has high colour intensity and is therefore more cost-effective than cochineal extract. 

Another possibility is to include both the metal salt and the chalcogenide precursor (e.g. thiourea) in the sol solution. As an example, heat treatments of 350-400°C for 10-15h in air eliminated the residual organics and afforded the corresponding CdS NCs. NC diameters could be tailored by controlling the ratio of Cd/Si, but size dispersities still remained large (>15%). A similar approach can be used to prepare PbS NCs in silica xerogels. In one study, a mixture of TMOS, Pb(N03)2, ammonium hydroxide, water, and thiourea in methanol was allowed to gel, during which time the PbS NCs formed. ... 

S1O2 tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) NP-5Vcyclohexane/ammonium hydroxide/water... 

The rigid aluminum TLC frame, 10 cm plastic bag, filter paper saturator strips, aluminum developing tray, and clamp and fishhook are assembled, and the mobile phase is added. The TLC sheet is attached to the aluminum frame with the clip and lowered into the plastic bag with the fishhook. Paper clips are placed behind the sheet (between the sheet and the aluminum frame). The sheet is essentially suspended in space and is held only with the clip. The mobile phase will advance in a straight line. The sheet is allowed to stay in the bag without contacting the mobile phase for about 5 min to reach equilibrium, after which the plastic bag is pulled down to allow the mobile phase to contact the lower 1 cm of the layer. Development is carried out to within 1 cm of the top of the sheet with 15-18 ml of the mobile phase specified for the particular drug being analyzed methanol-conc. ammonium hydroxide (25 0.38), methanol-acetone-conc. ammonium hydroxide (13 17 1), or ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-conc. ammonium hydroxide-water (12 12 4 4). The development bag and back-to-back aluminum trays will accommodate two sheets at a time. 

TLC of some plant phenolics, which play an important role in plant metabolism, was carried out on cellulose. The solvents were 2% formic acid, 20% potassium chloride, isopropyl alcohol-ammonium hydroxide-water (8 1 1), and 10% acetic acid. The plates were examined under UV light after development. The results of the chromatographic analysis of some phenolic acids are shown in Table 4. 

Peptide maps of the tryptic digest of myosin have been performed on thin-layer plates (20 x 20 cm) by successive TLC and electrophoresis. In the first-dimension TLC with chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide 34% (40 40 20, v/v) as eluent, the time was as long as 60 min. The second-dimension electrophoresis with pyridine-glacial acetic acid-water (1 10 489, v/v) buffer and 980 V, 30 mA current, the time was 1 hr. The peptide mixture is applied in amounts of 0.05 to 0.5 mg per peptide map. " In another paper, electrophoresis was applied in one direction on buffered adsorbents, followed by chromatography in the second dimension. Here, phosphate esters were separated by TLC development twice with n-propanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (60 30 1, v/v), and electrophoresis was carried out in 0.28 M acetate buffer (pH 3.6), 1000 V, 35 mA, and 16 min. 

The following solvent combinations, in order of use, have been so far proposed (Roman numerals refer to Tables 88/89, capital letters to Table 90) XIV -> XVI a [120] and V->IV [19] for separating simple indole derivatives, particularly from auxin metabolism (the second combination is suitable for the methyl esters of the acids also) XVII-> XIV [12], XV-> XVIa [9] isopropanol-25% ammonium hydroxide-water (80 + 4 + 8) IX [90] for separation of urine metabolites A B for hydroxyskatoles and C D for hydroxyindoles. 

Fig. 159. TLC-separation of the diffusates from sections of fruit axes from Fritillaria meleagris L. and treatment of the chromatogram in chemical (left) and biological (right) characterisation of the separated substances. Layer silica gel HF251 solvent isopropanol-25% ammonium hydroxide-water (85 + 5 + 15) 60 mm run in S-chamber, saturated with isopropanol (cf p. 476) (according to [45])...

The Pyrrole-C-carboxylic acids have been separated likewise on silica gel G layers with the help of two-dimensional TLC [4] solvents were n-butanol-ethanol-concentrated ammonium hydroxide-water (40 + 40 + 4+8) and ethyl acetate-ethanol-acetic acid (60 + 12 + 20). 

As well as the p-hydroxybenzoate esters, sorbic and benzoic acids are also often used in food technology as preservatives. According to Copitjs-Peereboom [20], these preservatives may be satisfactorily separated on cellulose layers (Firm 83) using n-butanol-35% ammonium hydroxide-water (70 + 20 + 10) at chamber saturation. Visualisation is performed with a bromophenol blue-methyl red solution (Rgt. No. 29), followed by spraying with permanganate solution. 

Goebell andKuNGENBEBG [34] have separated several acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, using two-dimensional TLd on cellulose layers and the solvents, ethanol-25 % ammonium hydroxide-water (72.6 + 18.2 + 9.2) and isobutanol-5M formic acid (40 + 60). They concluded with quantitative evaluation by autoradiography. The combination of TLC with enzyme test methods permitted accurate quantitative determination of these acids in the nanomole region. 

Prey and co-workers [74] chromatograph formic, lactic, acetic and pyruvic acids on silica gel G layers with pyridine-petrol ether (33.4 + 66.6) or ethanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (80 + 4 + 16). They recommend detection with dihydroindanthroazine disulphate (9,14-dihydroxy-5,18-anthrazinedione disulphate) [88]. 

Polyalcohols can be separated on cellulose-gypsum layers (100 + 6) also, for which suitable solvents are n-butanol-25% ammonium hydroxide-water (85 + 5 -f 10), n-butanol-pyridine-water (46 + 31 + 23) or n-butanol-ethanol-25% ammonium hydroxide-water (40 + 15 + 5 + 40) [20]. 

The TLC of optical brighteners or bleaches, derived from 4,4 -diaminostilbene-2,2 -disulphonic acid, has been described by Theidel [86]. He was able to separate the cis and trans isomers on polyamide layers, using methanol-ammonium hydroxide-water (66 + 27 + 7) surprisingly the cis-compound migrated ahead of the trans-. The opposite order was found in TLC experiments of Latestak [50] on silica gel G, using the solvents n-propanol-5% sodium bicarbonate solution (66 + 33), n-butanol-pyridine-water (33 + 33 + 33) and amyl alcohol-p3n idine-25 % ammonium hydroxide (33 + 33 + 33). The substances were detected by observation in UV light. 

Propanol-ammonium hydroxide-water this is a popular solvent mixture (in various proportions) for quinones. These usually have too high i /-values with solvents 2—5 in the hst. They migrate as phenolates in the basic solvent and are thus separable from one another. 

B) n-Butanol-acetone-acetic acid-5 % ammonium hydroxide-water (45 + 15 + 10 + 10 + 20) [208] ... 

Water has been used as solvent on DEAE- and ECTEOLA-cellulose layers [11, 59] and also 0.005N hydrochloric acid [11] and isobutyric acid-conc. ammonium hydroxide-water (66 + 2 + 32) on the former [11]. Saturated ammonium sulphate solution-N sodium acetate-isopropanol (80 -f 18 + 2), a solvent which was developed for the PC [45] and TLC (cellulose) [60] of nucleotides, is particularly good for separating purine and pyrimidine bases on layers of DEAE-cellulose [11]. 

A Two-dimensional TLC layer cellulose-MN-300 solvents 1. direction n-propanol-conc. ammonium hydroxide-water (60 -f 30 -f 10, + 2.0 g EDTA per 1), twice developed 2. direction n-propyl acetate-90% formic acid-water (56 -f 25 + 15), twice developed. Times of run twice 180 min (1 direction) and twice 80 min (2. direction) visualised by autoradiography. B Two-dimensional paper chromatography with the solvents given under A. C TLC-electrophoresis layer cellulose MN 300 solvents n-propanol-conc. ammonium hydroxide-water (60 -f 30 -f 10, -f 2.0g EDTA per 1), twice developed electrophoresis 1000 V, 35 mA, 0.28 M ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 g EDTA per 1), pH 3.6 16 min... 

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