Organophosphate toxicity

Undeger U, Institoris L, Siroki O, et al. 2000. Simultaneous geno- and immunotoxicological investigations for early detection of organophosphate toxicity in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 45 43-48. 

Mutch E, Blain PG, Williams FM. 1992. Interindividual variations in enzymes controlling organophosphate toxicity in man. Hum Exp Toxicol 11 109-116. 

Doctor BP, Saxena A (2005) Bioscavengers for the protection of humans against organophosphate toxicity. Chem-Biol Interact 157-158 167-171... 

This is the only available well conducted intermediate-duration inhalation study for diazinon. In an acute-duration study in which rats were exposed to 2,300 mg/m3 diazinon for four hours (Holbert 1989), mild signs of organophosphate toxicity were noted (nasal discharge, salivation). NIOSH recommends an occupational exposure level of 0.1 mg/m3, approximately 100-fold higher than the MRL. 

Costa LG, Cole TB, Vitalone A, Furlong CE (2005) Measurement of paraoxonase (PON1) status as a potential biomarker of susceptibility to organophosphate toxicity. Clin Chim Acta, 352 37-47. 

Ashani, Y., Shlomi, P. (2004). Estimation of the upper limit of human butyrylcholinesterase dose required for protection against organophosphates toxicity a mathematically based toxicokinetic model. Toxicol. Sci. 77 358-67. 

Doctor, B.P., Maxwell, D.M., Saxena, A. (1997). Preparation and characterization of bioscavengers for possible use against organophosphate toxicity. m-CB Medical Treatment Symposium, May 26-30, 1997, Hradec Kralove. Abstracts, pp. 17-18. 

Wolfe, A.D., Rush, R.S., Doctor, B.P., Koplovitz, I., Jones, D. (1987). Acetylcholinesterase prophylaxis against organophosphate toxicity. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9 266-70. 

Casida, J.E., Quistad, G.B. (2004). Organophosphate toxicity safety aspects of nonacetylcholinesterase secondary targets. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17 983-98. 

Costa, L.G. (2006). Current issues in organophosphate toxicity. Clin. Chim. Acta 366 1-13. 

Fernandez G, Gomez M D, Castro J 1975 Cholinesterase inhibition by phenothiazine and nonphenothiazine antihistaminics analysis of its postulated role in synergizing organophosphate toxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 31 179-190... 

Prevention of organophosphate toxicity is aimed at protecting the acetylcholine receptor and/or acetylcholinesterase itself. Atropine can be used to prevent as well as to treat organophosphate poisonings. In addition, use of reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase has been used to prevent organophosphate... 

Atropine Muscarinic (M-i, M2 and M3) receptors Pre-anaesthetic medication (dogs) management of organophosphate toxicity... 

Doctor, B. P., Raveh, L., Wolfe, A. D., Maxwell, D. M., Ashani, Y. (1991). Enzymes as pretreatment drugs for organophosphate toxicity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 15, 123-128. 

Maxwell, D. and Doctor, B.P. 1992. Enz3mies as pretreatment drugs for organophosphate toxicity. In, Chemical Warfare Agents, ed. S. Somani. New York Academic Press, pp. 195-207. 

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