Organophosphate using

Organophosphate pesticides, 18 533 Organophosphates, uses of, 19 68 Organophosphate surfactants, 19 51 Organophosphinates, 19 65 Organophosphines, 19 60-66 reactions of, 1.9 64-66 Organophosphorus compounds,... 

US scientists tested water samples taken from the Mississippi Embayment (Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Teimessee), a major area for cotton production in the United States L Dicrotophos (WHO Ib), an organophosphate used extensively in the cotton growing areas was the most frequently detected (35% of samples) . Methyl parathion (WHO la), the most used insecticide in the cotton growing areas was the second most frequent contaminant (18%). The researchers also found traces of profenofos (12%), malathion (12%), cyanazine (46%), fluometuron (57%), and norflurazon (49%) - all pesticides applied to cotton growing in the region . ... 

Quite frequently, and typically 1-4 days after resolution of symptoms of acute exposure, the intermediate syndrome may develop, characterised by a proximal flaccid limb paralysis which may reflect muscle necrosis. Even later, after a gap of 2-4 weeks, some exposed persons exhibit the delayed polyneuropathy, with sensory and motor impairment usually of the lower limbs. Claims of chronic effects (subtle cognitive defects, peripheral neuropathy) following recurrent, low-dose exposure, as with organophosphate used as sheep dip, continues to be the subject of investigation but, as yet, no conclusive proof. 

The sulfones, sulfolane and 3-methylsulfolane, are shown to function quite well, as cosurfactants with CTAB, in the solubilization of both organophosphorus esters and betahalosulfides. For the organophosphate used, tributylphosphate, it is shown through pseudo-three-component phase diagrams that the sulfone functions as effectively as the alcohol in its role of cosurfactant. Solubilization of chloroethyl ethyl sulfide is less effective when the sulfone cosurfactant is used, but is still a dramatic enhancement over its solubility in water alone. The effect of added salt on the solubilization is reported, as well as the effect of changes in the surfactant-cosurfactant ratio. Preliminary quasielastic lightscattering measurements are also reported for these unconventional systems. 

Which antihelmintic is an organophosphate, used for infections of S. haematobium t... 

Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor less lipid-soluble than most organophosphates used topically in glaucoma. 

Over 47% of all poisoning cases are based on organophosphate use, followed by herbicides (22%) and by the carbamate group (11%). No information on the long term effects of pesticide use is available. 

White B. J. and Harmon H. J., Optical solid-state detection of organophosphates using organophosphorus hydrolase. Biosens. Bioelectron., 20, 1977-1983, 2005. 

Figure 1. Reaction of an antibody to fenltrothlon with organophosphates used on stored grain in Australia fenltrothlon ( ), chlorpyrifos-methyl ( ), pirimiphos-methyl ( ), azinphos-methyl ( A ).

D Agostino, R Chenier, C. Baker, A. Ion mobility separation of organophosphates using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proc. 56th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Denver, CO, June 1-5, 2008, MP 175. 

However, some pesticides, such as carbamates and organophosphates, used in olive pest control are more polar, not easily vaporized, and thermally labile, facts that make difficult their determination by GC and cause the use of LC. 

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