Operating and Maintenance Objectives

The operations group will develop general operating and maintenance objectives for the facilities which will address product quality, costs, safety and environmental issues. At a more detailed level, the mode of operations and maintenance tor a particular project will be specified in the field development plan. Both specifications will be discussed in this section, which will focus on the input of the production operations and maintenance departments to a field development plan. The management of the field during the producing period is discussed in Section 14.0. 

The production operations and maintenance group will develop a set of operating and maintenance objectives for the project. This will be a guideline when specifying the mode of operation and maintenance of the equipment items and systems, and will incorporate elements of 

An example of the operating and maintenance objectives for a project might include statements which cover technical, business and environmental principles, such as  

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The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has identified the need for a publication dealing with process safety issues unique to batch reaction systems. This book, Guidelines for Process Safety in Batch Reaction Systems, attempts to aid in the safe design, operation and maintenance of batch and semi-batch reaction systems. In this book the terms batch and semi-batch are used interchangeably for simplicity. The objectives of the book are to ... 

QRA practitioners can use to satisfy some QRA objectives. Also, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has sponsored a project to expand and improve the quality of component failure data for chemical industry use. And many process facilities have considerable equipment operating experience in maintenance files, operating logs, and the minds of operators and maintenance personnel. These data can be collected and combined with industrywide data to help achieve reasonable QRA objectives. However, care must be exercised to select data most representative of your specific system from the wide range available from various sources. Even data from your own plant may have to be modified (sometimes by a factor of 10 or more) to reflect your plant s current operating environment and maintenance practices. 

Error free operation and maintenance can only occur within an effective management system. At the level of the task itself, this is provided by operating instructions. However, at a more global level, separate tasks have to be organized in a systematic manner, particularly if hazardous operations are involved, and where several individuals need to coordinate to achieve an overall objective. This section illustrates some accidents due to poor organization of work or failure to carry out checks. 

The objective function is comprised of the sum of the annual operating and maintenance costs of the compressors and the sum of the discounted capital costs of the pipeline segments and compressors. The annualized capital cost for each pipe section is assumed to be proportional to its length and its diameter. Similarly the annual operation and maintenance charges of a compressor is assumed to be proportional to the horsepower which is given by... 

The computerized systems, both hardware and software, that form part of the GLP study should comply with the requirements of the principles of GLP. This relates to the development, validation, operation and maintenance of the system. Validation means that tests have been carried out to demonstrate that the system is fit for its intended purpose. Like any other validation, this will be the use of objective evidence to confirm that the pre-set requirements for the system have been met. There will be a number of different types of computer system, ranging from personal computers and programmable analytical instruments to a laboratory information management system (LIMS). The extent of validation depends on the impact the system has on product quality, safety and record integrity. A risk-based approach can be used to assess the extent of validation required, focusing effort on critical areas. A computerized analytical system in a QC laboratory requires full validation (equipment qualification) with clear boundaries set on its range of operation because this has a high... 

An H RA involves a review of the process design and its control, operation, and maintenance practices. The review is conducted by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in the design and operation of the process unit. The team uses a systematic screening process to determine how deviations from normal operation lead to process hazards. The H RA identifies areas where the process risk is too high, requiring the implementation of safety functions. The team s objective is to reduce the risk to below the owner/operator s risk criteria. 

The objective function. Because the problem is posed as a minimum cost problem, the objective function is the sum of the yearly operating and maintenance... 

Goals and Objectives of FEL The FEL work process must enable nearly constant consideration of changes as the work progresses. FEL phases must consider the long-term implications of every aspect of the design. Predictability of equipment and process system life cycle costs must always be balanced with operations and maintenance preferences, as well as the need for the project to maintain its profitability or ROI (return on investment). Additional important goals and objectives of FEL projects are as follows ... 

Operator—recognizes trust objectives, extends the assurance part of the trust case concerning installation, operation and maintenance of the trustee, enables the experience and recommendation parts of the trust case ... 

The continuous improvement of asset reliability, consistency, and capability, either mutually or simultaneously, is the basic objective of the engineering management strategy in order to reduce operation and maintenance costs and increase regulatory compliance. The foundation for continuous improvement is information, without which it is impossible to establish a rationale for change. This foundation must be established at the start of the project with the definition of the business need in measurable terms, i.e., performance criteria, without which there is no basis for design, testing, operation, maintenance, compliance, and consequently continuous improvement. 

Improved on-line Instrumentation should allow the coal preparation plant operator to accomplish this objective through a more efficient use of the raw material, by producing more product without increasing plant capacity, and by allowing one to operate closer to product specification limits A reduction in operating and maintenance costs should also occur ... 

In the operation and maintenance phase of a computerized system, the main objective is to keep the system operational and in a validated state. In order to meet this objective, procedures need to be in place to ensure that the results of the operation and maintenance phase have a high probability of being of acceptable quality. 

This very comprehensive process is a component of CRl. It is conducted for critical assets and, typically, discrete manufacturing equipment. The objective is to maximize the capability of the asset to perform its primary functions. It takes a complete look at the requirements for maintenance, setup, operations, changeover and shutdown, and documents these into standard operating and maintenance procedures. The results of a typical asset-facilitation process would include the following ... 

Nuclear safety I C systems have to meet demanding functional and non-functional objectives. They need high reliability and quality of components as well as good properties of architectures such as deterministic behavior, fail-safe and fault tolerant features, functional diversity, and separation. Furthermore, these systems should avoid unnecessary complexity and prevent when possible, operator and maintenance errors. In addition, safety I C systems shall meet the other customer expectations such as modularity, scalability, flexibility, ease of operation. 

The JOYO operation and maintenance support systems ensure more stable operations and improve operational reliability. Artificial intelligence techniques [15] have been applied to develop these systems. One system objective is to support intelligent decision making by the operators and maintenance engineers, and another is to conduct skill-based and rule-based operator actions automatically. With proper instructions and guidance from the support system, the JOYO operators can make better decisions and carry out necessary actions with more confidence and less mental pressure. 

The Safety Lifecycle (SLC) is an engineering process that contains all the steps needed to achieve high levels of functional safety during conception, design, operation, and maintenance of instrumentation systems. Its objective is clear An automation system designed according to SLC requirements will predictably reduce risk in an industrial process. A simple version of the SLC is shown in Figure 1-3. 

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