Environmental principle

An example of the operating and maintenance objectives for a project might include statements which cover technical, business and environmental principles, such as ... 

The Italian Antarctic research programme has been conducted by the PNRA following sound environmental principles. In designing the programme the PNRA... 

In the text of the Madrid Protocol, the duty of prior EIA is included among the environmental principles referred to in Art. 3, para. 2 c). According to this provision ... 

PEPAT does not contain a definition of adverse impacts on the Antarctic environment and its dependent and associated ecosystems (Art. 3, para. 2 a). Impact and transboundary impact are defined in the Espoo Convention in Art. 1, sub-paras, vii and via (28). The environmental principles that according to Art. 3 must be fundamental considerations in the planning and conduct of all activities in the Antarctic Treaty area are very wide in their scope. PEPAT does not supply a list of mandatory and non-mandatory projects to ensure that the most dangerous activities will always be subject to lEE or CEE (28, 29), nor does it provide guidance for a uniform interpretation of the terms minor and transitory impact contained in Arts. 1, 2 and 3 of Annex I. 

This is consistent with the generally applicable environmental principle that anyone who files notices with the EPA must comply with all requirements governing those notices even if the submitter was not obligated to file. 

The Global Recycled Standard (GRS) is used by companies that are making and/or selling products with recycled content. The standard applies to the full supply chain and addresses traceability, environmental principles, social requirements and labelling. Although GRS developed with the textile industry, it can be applied to products from any industry (Url-32). 

The present discussion is by necessity, selective, and concentrates mainly on examples which, as much as possible, demonstrate environmental principles. The reader is referred to the excellent work of Sheldon [7] for a more comprehensive account of industrial synthesis of optically active compounds. 

The various methods of obtaining optically active molecules have been summarised in section 7.3. This section concentrates on specific examples of industrial scale syntheses which demonstrate environmental principles. 

The following environmental principles provide guidance to General... 

Environment Agency, September 2009, Radioactive Substances Regulation - Environmental Principles. 

Once the life-cycle inventory has been quantified, we can attempt to characterize and assess the eflfects of the environmental emissions in a life-cycle impact analysis. While the life-cycle inventory can, in principle at least, be readily assessed, the resulting impact is far from straightforward to assess. Environmental impacts are usually not directly comparable. For example, how do we compare the production of a kilogram of heavy metal sludge waste with the production of a ton of contaminated aqueous waste A comparision of two life cycles is required to pick the preferred life cycle. 

The treatment of these issues will be discussed jointly with the health, safety and environment (HSE) departments within the company and with the process and facilities engineers, and their treatment should be designed in conjunction with an environmental impact assessment. Some of the important basic principles for waste management are to ... 

Whether on land or offshore, the principle of satellite development is the same. A new field is accessed with wells, and an export link is installed to the existing (host) facility. Development is not always easier on land, as environmental restrictions mean that some onshore fields have to be developed using directional drilling techniques (originally associated with offshore developments). A vertical well can be drilled offshore away from the host facility, and the well completed using a subsea wellhead. 

Benoit, G. Hunter, K. S. Rozan, T. F. Sources of Trace Metal Contamination Artifacts During Collection, Handling, and Analysis of Freshwaters, Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 1006-1011. Keith, L. H., ed. Principles of Environmental Sampling, American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1988. 

ACS Committee for Environmental Improvement, Principles of Environmental Analysis, Ana/. Chem. 1983, 55, 2210-2218. 

Although the first impulse for emission reduction is often to add a control device, this may not be the environmentally best or least cosdy approach. Process examination may reveal changes or alternatives that can eliminate or reduce pollutants, decrease the gas quantity to be treated, or render pollutants mote amenable to collection. Following are principles to consider for controlling pollutants without the addition of specific treatment devices, ie, the fundamental means of reducing or eliminating pollutant emissions to the atmosphere (30) ... 

L. H. Keith, Principles of Environmental Sampling, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1988. 

Partial oxidation of heavy Hquid hydrocarbons requires somewhat simpler environmental controls. The principal source of particulates is carbon, or soot, formed by the high temperature of the oxidation step. The soot is scmbbed from the raw synthesis gas and either recycled back to the gasifier, or recovered as soHd peUetized fuel. Sulfur and condensate treatment is similar in principle to that required for coal gasification, although the amounts of potential poUutants generated are usually less. 

Principles for the Toxicological Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food, IPCS Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 104, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzedand, 1990, 117 pp. 

Principles andMethods for Evaluating the Toxicity of Chemicals, Part 1, Environmental Health Criteria No. 6, World Health Organi2ation, Geneva,... 

Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers. Sulfur-coated urea technology (SCU) was developed in the 1960s and 1970s by the Tennessee Valley Authority, now called the National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center. A commercial-scale demonstration plant (9.1 t/h) was put in operation by TVA in late 1978. Sulfur was chosen as the principle coating material because of its low cost and its value as a secondary nutrient. 

The industrial economy depends heavily on electrochemical processes. Electrochemical systems have inherent advantages such as ambient temperature operation, easily controlled reaction rates, and minimal environmental impact (qv). Electrosynthesis is used in a number of commercial processes. Batteries and fuel cells, used for the interconversion and storage of energy, are not limited by the Carnot efficiency of thermal devices. Corrosion, another electrochemical process, is estimated to cost hundreds of millions of dollars aimuaUy in the United States alone (see Corrosion and CORROSION control). Electrochemical systems can be described using the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena. 

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