Nuclear instrumentation system

EX-CORE The Nuclear Instrumentation System corresponding to previous AKNT RTS The Reactor Trip System corresponding to the HO-1... 

Performing a FMEA on the software is a mean to narrow the scope of the demonstration by finding out the software components that may, if faulty, lead to a CCF. It is then easier to show, either that those software components are error free or that the postulated component failure modes will be detected and will lead to a safe position. This analysis has been performed on the Operational System Software and on the Application Software for the new TIHANGE 1 Nuclear Instrumentation System (NIS). 

The New TIHANGE 1 Nuclear Instrumentation System successfully started operation on the beginning of Marsh 2001 after the plant outage, as planned at the beginning of the project. The choice of a software-based technology has raised the issue of the risk of CCF due to the same software being used in redundant independent units. Implementing functional diversity or equipment diversity has been considered but found either not practicable or of little value within this context. 

C.Esmenjaud, M. Pnmier A.Parry - Use of the SPINIINE3 generic safety digital I C platform for the refurbishment of the French 900MW Nuclear Instrumentation System, NPIC HMIT, Washington, DC, November 2000. 

For example, the reactor nuclear instrumentation system, which is designed to shut down the reactor, may be a three channel system which requires the simultaneous action of two for shutdown with a required reliability of 1 x 10 failures per demand. Ageing of the components may reduce the reliability of the system to 1 x 10 which may not comply with the safety requirements. 

Nuclear instrumentation system neutron detectors and ranges of operation. 

Nuclear instrumentation system—Provides continuous indications of the reactor core power level from shutdown to full power. 

The nuclear instrumentation systems are designed to measure reactor neutron flux over the full operating range of the reactor. These measurements are required as inputs to the reactor regulating system and safety systems. The instrumentation for the safety systems is independent of that used by the reactor regulating system. 

Two safety circuit con- 1 our of 2 troUers operating with signal from the average flux transducer of the high level nuclear Instrumentation system ... 

USNRC IN 80-10, "partial loss of non-nuclear instrument system power supply during operation," issued March 7, 1980. 

A number of monitoring systems are used at nuclear power plants. These monitoring systems include nuclear instrumentation system, leak detection system and primary water chemistry monitoring system. 

Cu (5.1 min). Instrumental radioassay was performed with a similar nuclear counting system as for the airborne gunshot residues (Ref 17) described above with the addition of a programmable computer coupled to the multichannel analyzer for data processing. Using these procedures, it was possible to detect Ba levels above 2 x 10 g/cm and Sb levels above 1.5 x 10" g/cm of floor surface... 

Reproduced from Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 176(3), von Dincklage RD, Schrewe UJ, Schmidt-Ott WD, Fehnse HF, Bachmann K, Coupling of a He-jet system to gas chromatographic columns for the measurement of thermodynamical properties of chemical compounds of 90mNb (18s), 160Hf (12s) and 161Hf (17s), 529-535, 1980, with permission from Elsevier. 

Reproduced (adjusted) from Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 174(3), Hickmann U, Greulich N, Trautmann N, Gaggeler H, Gaggeler-Koch H, Eichler B, Herrmann G, Rapid continuous radiochemical separations by thermochromatography in connection with a gas-jet recoil system, 507-513, 1980, with permission from Elsevier. 

Details about construction and operation of electronic components and systems are given in books specializing on that subject. A few such texts are listed in the bibliography at the end of the chapter. Also, the vendors of nuclear instruments provide manuals for their products with useful information about their operation. 

Polymeric systems have been one of principal fields in radiation chemistry since its inception. Its importance will remain unchanged when new radiation becomes widely available. lon-beam-induced radiation chemistry in polymeric systems has been studied extensively. Below examples are given. The most comprehensive conference covering this field may be IRaP (Ionizing Radiation and Polymers) conference the proceedings of this biennial meeting are available as a special volume of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research part B (as of 1999) [81, 82]. This section describes two aspects of ion beam radiation chemistry in polymers one is fundamental-oriented and the other is application-oriented. 

A wide variety of counting systems has been developed for various purposes. Equipment is often built as NIM (Nuclear Instrument Module standard) or CAMAC (Computer Automated Measurement And Control standard) modules, which fit into standard bins (or crates) containing power supplies and some inter-module connections. Cable connectors are also largely standardized. This facilitates combinations of bias supplies, amplifiers, discriminators, SCAs, ADCs, counters, and other circuitry to fit any need as well as their connection to computers. Some non-standard units, e.g. portable instruments, have their own power supply, main amplifier, counter or rate-meter, etc. 

Appleton, B. R., Tongay, S., Lemaitre, M. et al. 2012. Materials modifications using a multi-ion beam processing and lithography system. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 272 153-157. 

Sanchez, J. L., van Kan, J. A., Osipowicz, T., Springham, S. V., and E. Watt. 1998. A high resolution beam scanning system for deep ion beam lithography. Nuclear Instruments arul Methods in Physics Research B 136-138 385-389. 

Huddle, J.R. and J.R. Vanhoy, et al. (1991). A warning-sign and safety-interlock system for an NEC 5SDH accelerator. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 56-57, Part 2 (0) 1173-1175. 

Nuclear instrumentation and control systems present a greater challenge. Even though it may be possible to develop a system that is inherently controlled by temperature for all normal operations, it appears that it will always be necessary to include control devices and instrumentation in the nuclear system to adequately control and monitor startup from cold shutdown, total shutdown, and possibly to compensate for fuel bumup. Design configurations that reduce the number and complexity of these instrumentation and control systems and components need to be developed. 

C (2912 F) during depressurized core heat removal by the Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS). Selected reflector elements in both the central and side reflector contain channels for top entry control rods and for nuclear instrumentation. Nominal reactor design parameters are given in Table 4.1-1, and in Section 5.1. 

The ex-vessel neutron detection equipment consists of fission chamber neutron detectors mounted in six equally spaced vertical wells located just outside the reactor vessel as illustrated in Figure 4.3-4. The signals from these detectors are supplied to the nuclear instrumentation cabinet and Safety Protection Subsystem equipment located primarily in the reactor building. These data are used by the automatic control systems to operate the control rod drives or the reserve shutdown equipment, thereby changing the neutron flux levels within the reactor core. 

Circuit Instrumentation Systems. As stated in the rejport, six circuits were selected for study and analysis to determine what Improvement in operating continuity and nuclear safety could be achieved by the application of logic to instrumentation and control system design. 

The nuclear power unit (NPU) and the automatic control system (which is protected by radiation shielding and located in the instrumentation module at some distance from NPU) are the basic components of nuclear power systems. 

Knitel MJ, Hommels B, Dorenbos P, vanEijk CWE, Btaezovskaya 1, Dotsenko V (2000) The feasibility of boron containing phosphtas in thermal neutron image plates, in particular the systems M2B509X Eu (M = Ca, Sr, Ba X = Cl, Br) Part 11 experimental results. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 449 595... 

Ognibene, T.I, Bench, G., Brown, T.A., Vogel, IS. (2004) The LLNL accelerator mass spectrometry system for biochemical C-measurements. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, 223-224,12-15. 

The primary functions of the Nuclear Boiler System (NBS) are (1) to deliver steam from the RPV to Ae turbine main steam systan (TMSS), (2) to deliver feedwater from the condensate and feedwater system (C FS) to the RPV, (3) to provide overpressure protection of the RCPB, (4) to provide automatic depressurization of the RPV in the event of a LOCA where the RPV does not depressurize rapidly, and (5) with the exception of monitoring the neutron flux, to provide the instrumentation necessary for monitoring conditions in the RPV such as RPV pressure, metal temperature, and water level instrumentation. 

In-core instrumentation system—Senses the distribution of the nuclear flux within the core. 

Process instrumentation system—Senses the state of the plant, when used together with the nuclear instrumentation, in-core instrumentation, and digital rod position indication system. 

Much of the nuclear temperature-monitoring> flow-monitoring and other instrumentation which are in the safety clrc ts will ve useful functions for process control. Auxiliary Instrumentation systems which will be provided for N Reactor which a-e not In the safety circuit are described below. 

---