Design configuration

Above-Ground Retorting. AGR processes can be grouped into DH or IH processes. Numerous design configurations as well as a variety of heat-transport mediums have been used in the indirect heated processes (Table 7). 

The diameter and materials, specified for the tubes and fins, depend on system requirements. The fins are commonly made from aluminum or copper, but may be fabricated of stainless or carbon steel. Tubes are generally copper, but can be made from almost any material, and they range in size from 5/8- to 1-in. outer diameter. The design of the air-cooled exchanger is such, that individual coils can be removed independently for easy cleaning and maintenance. There are several common design configurations that are commercially available. Each is briefly described below. 

Various design configurations for fluid catalytic crackers are illustrated in Figure 3. Their distinguishing features can be summarized as follows ... 

The discoverer of levorotatory proto-quercitol unfortunately described it (36) as L-quercitol. The capital letter l should of course be understood to designate configuration, not rotation. And according to one widely accepted convention (18,19), the quercitol stereosiomer which has the configuration 13 would be designated V , not l . (See formulas 12 and 13.) The name quercitol is now used in a generic sense (cyclo-hexanepentol), so that there are actually six diastereomers to which the name L-quercitol might apply. 

Sockolet utilizes the basic Weldolet design configuration and incorporates a socket-weld outlet. 

If we investigate demineralization, for example, then from each OEM there are more than a dozen possible design configurations, with a further half-dozen or more grades of resin that can be potentially specified. Thus, it cannot be emphasized enough that higher purity water IX design projects must be undertaken by specialists. 

Cathodic protection is a useful supplement to other forms of water treatment, as a general corrosion inhibiting device in HW boilers, or where specific design configurations can lead to inadequately protected localized metal in steam boilers. Where BW makeup demands are minimal and boiler output is fairly constant, cathodic protection devices can also provide some measure of protection against hardness scales. Calcium carbonate salt is formed as a floc-culant or soft sludge rather than a hard scale, due to the peptizing effects of a zinc hydroxide complex formed from zinc ions in alkaline BW. 

Etching and chemical milling are used to produce specific design configurations and toler-... 

Gravity separators can take many shapes and arrangement, depending in part on the characteristics of the waste. Typical design configurations include horizontal cylindrical decanters, vertical cylindrical decanters, and cone-bottomed settlers. 

Solution Start by assuming three standard design configurations ... 

It is always important to choose an optimum design configuration of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor so as to maximize the cavitational effects and achieve cost effective operation. In this section, we will discuss available reactor configurations and give some guidelines, based on theoretical analysis coupled with experimental results, for selection of optimum design and operating parameters for hydrodynamic cavitation reactors. 

Figure 5. Gas bypassing characteristics of conical distributor plates of different design configurations (No. 3 and No. 7 flows).

The effect of downcomer aeration, of distance between the distributor plate and the draft tube inlet, and of the distributor plate design configuration on solid circulation rate is discussed below. For ease of presentation for materials of different densities, the solid particle velocity in the downcomer rather than the solid circulation rate is used. 

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