Equipment location

Batch equipment located indoors. A release of flammable/toxic material tends to disperse slower than if the release is outdoors. May lead to large concentration buildup and result in operator exposure. Confined flammable releases are also more likely to result in explosion with larger overpressures. 

Is process equipment located to minimize length of hazardous material piping ... 

Performs spatial event analysis using subset data files associated with equipment location in the plant ... 

Potential accident scenarios and flood locations were identified from plant drawings and tlic RHR system fault tree that identifies the equipment and support needed for RHR system operation. The equipment location was correlated with flood areas with consideration for plant features which may impede or divert the flow. The flood scenarios identify the effect on systems required to prevent core damage. Quantification accounts for the rate of rise of the flood relative to the critical level in each specific plant area. The time available for any recovery action is calculated from tiic volume and the flow rate. 

Didenko, V. G. 1972u. Studies of the process equipment location density on the ventilation effectiveness at different methods of air supply. Transactions on Sanitary Technique, Nizhne-Vozhskoye, Volgograd, issue IV, pp. 115-117. 

The use of pictorial isometric or oblique views of plot areas as shovtm in Figure 1-15 is very helpful for equipment location evaluation. With talented personnel, this type of layout study can replace model studies. These layouts are also useful for management presentations. 

In factories, air movement can be generated by unsophisticated equipment, since there is generally reasonable scope for equipment location and noise levels are often not critical. In offices and public spaces, the space, esthetic, noise and air movement criteria tend to be much tighter, and additional natural ventilation above that already provided by windows is normally impractical. The ventilation rate needed can still be calculated using equation (28.6),... 

Equipment located inside the boiler furnace area to direct the path of hot combustion gases and thus gain maximum heat absorption. 

Develop necessary process and design information (Section 3.1). The first step in the analysis is to obtain necessary information in sufficient detail to support the type of evaluation being performed. This can include information about the materials being handled, the process conditions, and other site-specific information such as the type of building construction, occupancy, plant layout, and equipment location. 

The Dow indexes are useful for determining equipment spacing requirements. The F EI uses an empirical correlation based entirely on the F EI value to estimate the radius of exposure. It is assumed that any equipment located outside this distance would not be damaged by a fire or explosion. The CEI estimates the hazard distance for chemical exposure based on the emergency response planning guideline (ERPG) values for the particular material released. 

Explosion suppression During a suppression of an explosion, not products, residues from combustion, residues from gases, or flames can escape from the protected vessel, because an explosion suppression system reduces the effects of these explosions to a harmless levef, by restricting the action of the flames during the initial phase of the explosion. This prevents the installation in question from being destroyed and people standing in the area of the installation from being injured. A further benefit of explosion suppression systems is that they can be deployed for combustible products with toxic properties and can be used irrespective of the equipment location. 

In the discussion above, conditions described referred to perfect world conditions—that is, to those conditions that we would want (i.e., the security manager s proverbial wish list) to be incorporated into the design and installation of new chemical industry infrastructure. Post-9/11, in a not-so-perfect world, however, many of the peripheral (fence line) measures described above are more difficult to incorporate into chemical industry site infrastructure. This is not to say that industrial chemical facilities do not have fence lines or fences most of them do. These fences are designed to keep vandals, thieves, and trespassers out. The problem is that many of these facilities were constructed several years ago, before urban encroachment literally encircled the sites—allowing, at present, little room for security stand-backs or setbacks to be incorporated into plants or critical equipment locations. Based on personal observation, many of these fences face busy city streets or closely abut structures outside the fence line. The point is that when one sits down to plan a security upgrade, these factors must be taken into account. 

Buildings and Facilities Contamination/Cross Contamination, Water SystemAVater Quality, Aseptic/SterUe Processing Equipment Multipurpose Equipment, Equipment Cleaning and Use Log, Equipment Located Outdoors, Protected Environment, Cleaning of Product Contact Surfaces Raw Materials... 

To estimate the impact of the jet fire on process equipment located 20 m from the source, the point source model can be used to determine the incident heat flux from the jet flame to the equipment. The incident heat flux per unit surface area of target, q" is calculated as follows. 

In addition to fire protection considerations, access for maintenance activities must be provided above, below, and between equipment. Locate equipment subject to frequent maintenance and cleaning close to unit boundaries for ease of access. Lifting arrangements for pumps, heavy valves, and other equipment should be considered in spacing and layout of the unit. 

It can be difficult to install fixed water spray protection for equipment located in multilevel process structures, in congested areas, or in areas containing numerous pieces of small equipment. In such situations, the use of deluge protection of an area is an acceptable and cost-effective alternative to the specific protection afforded by fixed water spray. 

When using area coverage protection, additional spray heads should be provided below any obstructions to water distribution that are greater than 3 ft (1 m) in diameter or more than 10 ft (0.9 m ) in area. Additional protection should also be provided for equipment located in areas or levels having solid floors and where the height of the nozzles is more than 15 ft (4.6 m) above the solid floor. 

The lg control for the STS-51F experiment was conducted post-flight at NASA KSC Life Support Facilities. The loaded PGU s were connected to ground support equipment located in a computer-controlled environmental room. The temperature of the room was maintained such that the PGU s were able to maintain PGC temperature profiles similar to those of flight. The flight time profile also was simulated in the control experiment. 

Initial validation once at different equipment locations Revalidation once every 3 years... 

In the engineering development stage, a practical and workable design is developed. Prototype samples are produced on equipment located at the Technical Center that duplicates the production process to be used. A portion of the materials evaluation work is also performed at this time. Candidate materials are given performance tests and moldability is analyzed in detail. Cost and reliability factors are also considered at this time. 

Equipment (1) equipment design and function (2) equipment location and (3) equipment control. 

The specification for bioseparation equipment will depend on its location, for both mechanical and electrical components. The need to weatherproof a piece of equipment and protect it from rain, wind, and temperature extremes will require specific provision to be made. Equipment located indoors will not necessarily require such features, although cleaning down of plant areas with hoses, as is common in the food industry, requires some degree of protection against water ingress for electrical items such as motor drives, control panels, and instruments. 

Environmental Factors These include (1) equipment location, (2) available space, (3) ambient conditions, (4) availability of adequate utilities (i.e., power, water, etc.) and ancillary-system facilities (i.e., waste treatment and disposal, etc.), (5) maximum allowable emission (air pollution codes), (6) aesthetic considerations (i.e., visible steam or water-vapor plume, etc.), (7) contributions of the air-pollution-control system to wastewater and land pollution, and (8) contribution of the air-pollution-control system to plant noise levels. 

The module level floor follows a ring pattern formed by transport and ventilation-and-assembly galleries. Along with the main workings there are a number of auxiliary chamber workings for accommodation of services and stationary equipment located on the module level floor. 

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