Measurement Automation

Some large-particle penetration 24 hr or longer sample required in clean areas for mass measurement automated version relatively untested in remote locations... 

The ISE systems of all three analysers measured lithium in undiluted serum as direct measurements. Automated system calibration and calculation of the results were in-built in all the instruments. The lithium measurement range of the Cobas Integra 700 ISE module was from 0.10 mmol/l up to 4.00 mmol/l. According to the manufacturer s specifications the linear measurement range of the Kone Microlyte 6 ISE analyser was from 0.20 mmol/l to 4.00 mmol/l and for the Chiron 654 ISE from 0.20 mmol/l to 5.00 mmol/l. 

This reaction falsely raises the measured activity of AST. A way to prevent this is to include a preincubation step in the assay procedure. This step consists of a time period during which all components of the reaction mixture except one of the substrates of the primary reaction (in this case, a-ketoglutarate) are allowed to incubate. This period permits all undesirable reactions to reach completion before the primary reaction is initiated by addition of a-ketoglutarate. Because of the need for rapid and accurate measurement, automated procedures have been introduced. 

Using the method shown in Fig.8, the electrical resistivity distribution was measured automatedly at the room temperature. To make boundary effect prominent, we prepared a SiGe specimen consisting of two phases of a large difference in doping concentration 0.027B and 0.58B. 

Keywords measurement automation geometric accuracy machining centre. 

Gaining increasingly accurate of measurements, automation, and usefulness in inaccessible areas ... 

Scientific Society for Measurement, Automation and Informatics (MATE) Biomedical Engineering Section... 

The Scientific Society for Measurement, Automation and Informatics was founded in 1952, with the aim to ensure opportunity for experts in the field of measurement, automation and informatics to share their knowledge. 

Economou, A.S., Volikakis, G.J., Efstathiou, C.E., 1999. Virtual instrumentation for electrochemical measurements.. Autom. Methods. Manage. Chem. 2133—2138. 

Personal safety measures Automated control of systems Situation awareness Decision making Psychological preparedness... 

Shimokohbe A (1996) The state of the art of nano-meter motion control in Japan. In Proceedings of the international conference on trends in indusMal measurements automation, pp 2-8... 

The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on two rqjresentative NDT techniques intapretation of data acquired with an ultrasonic rail inspection system and interpretation of eddy-current data from heat exchangers in (petro-)chemical industry. The results show that it is possible to provide a high level of automation in combination with efficient operator support for highly variable NDT measurements where up to now use of automated interpretation was only limited. 

RF Technical Physics and Automation Research Institute is ready to production and supply computer industrial tomograph, scanning devices, measuring units, soft-hardware interfaces connecting the measuring units with computer and the adapted program complexes for the industrial tomography. 

The condition of the magnetic particle suspension is controlled by an automated ASTM-bulb. The bulb is connected to the currently used Magentic particle suspension tank by a bypass, so the suspension in use is flowing through the bulb too. In user defined periods a valve is closed and the Magentic particle suspension remained into the bulb is analysed. The automatic bulb has the ability to measure the extinction and transmission of the suspension related to the time (Figure 1, Figure 2)... 

In addition, NDT plays an important part in industrial maintenance. During plant shutdowns for instance, many thousands of ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are taken on piping, vessels, furnace tubes etc. All these thickness readings have to go into extensive data bases, and this process is, thanks to modem computers and data loggers, ever more automated. 

The automated pendant drop technique has been used as a film balance to study the surface tension of insoluble monolayers [75] (see Chapter IV). A motor-driven syringe allows changes in drop volume to study surface tension as a function of surface areas as in conventional film balance measurements. This approach is useful for materials available in limited quantities and it can be extended to study monolayers at liquid-liquid interfaces [76],... 

The capillary rise on a Wilhelmy plate (Section II-6C) is a nice means to obtain contact angles by measurement of the height, h, of the meniscus on a partially immersed plate (see Fig. 11-14) [111, 112]. Neumann has automated this technique to replace manual measurement of h with digital image analysis to obtain an accuracy of 0.06° (and a repeatability to 95%, in practice, of 0.01°) [108]. The contact angle is obtained directly from the height through... 

NMR spectroscopy is probably the singly most powerful technique for the confirmation of structural identity and for stmcture elucidation of unknown compounds. Additionally, the relatively low measurement times and the facility for automation contribute to its usefulness and industrial interest. 

Thus, in the area of combinatorial chemistry, many compounds are produced in short time ranges, and their structures have to be confirmed by analytical methods. A high degree of automation is required, which has fueled the development of software that can predict NMR spectra starting from the chemical structure, and that calculates measures of similarity between simulated and experimental spectra. These tools are obviously also of great importance to chemists working with just a few compounds at a time, using NMR spectroscopy for structure confirmation. 

Positive-ion electrospray mass spectrum of human hemoglobin (a) as initially obtained with all the measured masses, and (b) after calculation of true mass, as in Figure 8.3. The spectrum transforms into two main peaks representing the main alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin with accurate masses as given. This transformation is fnlly automated. The letters A, B, C refer to the three chains of hemoglobin. Thus, A13 means the alpha chain with 13 protons added. 

The indicator element measures the signal from the weighing element, and converts it into a readable form. It may be any of several different types, eg, the graduated beam of Figure 3, a Bourdon tube pressure gauge, or a numeric display device. Today (ca 1997), with the increase in automation, the indicator element may not display the weight but may instead transmit it electronically to a controller. 

The surface mean diameter is the diameter of a sphere of the same surface area-to-volume ratio as the actual particle, which is usually not a perfect sphere. The surface mean diameter, which is sometimes referred to as the Sauter mean diameter, is the most useful particle size correlation, because hydrodynamic forces in the fluid bed act on the outside surface of the particle. The surface mean diameter is directly obtained from automated laser light diffraction devices, which are commonly used to measure particle sizes from 0.5 to 600 p.m. X-ray diffraction is commonly used to measure smaller particles (see Size TffiASURETffiNT OF PARTICLES). 

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