Nondestructiveness

Stegemann, D, Reimche, W. Schmidtbauer, J. Investigations of Light Metal Casting Processes by Real Time Microfocus Radioscopy. The European Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. l,No. 3, S. 107117, Jan. 1992... 

The Standard covers bar, plates, sheets, strip, structural shapes rolled stock, pipes, sheets with laminar coating and strip of carbon, alloyed and electrical steels and sets up nondestructive magnetic method of mechanical and service properties and microstructure control. 

The basic condition of the Standard application - the availability of stable coupled probabilistic or the multiple probabilistic relations between then controlled quality indexes and magnetic characteristics of steel. All the probabilistic estimates, used in the Standard, are applied at confidence level not less than 0,95. General requirements to the means of control and procedure of its performance are also stipulated. Engineers of standard development endeavoured take into consideration the existed practice of technical control performance and test at the enterprises that is why the preparation of object control for the performance of nondestructive test can be done during the process of ordinary acceptance test. It is suggested that every enterprise is operated in correspondence with direct and non-destructive tests, obtained exactly at it, for detailed process chart and definite product type, however the tests have long since been performed after development of the Standard displayed that process gives way to unification. 

NONDESTRUCTIVE MAGNETIC METHID OF INSPECTION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CAST STEELS. 1. CONSTRUCTION OF CORRELATION MODELS and II. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF CORRELATION... 

O Brien, T.K., Characterization of Delamination Onset and Growth in a Composite Laminate in Damage in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 775, p. 140-167,1982 Poursartip, A. Ashby, M. F., Beaumont P.W.R., The Fatigue Damage Mechanics of Fibrous Laminates in Proceedings of the European Workshop on Nondestructive Evaluation of Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites, Polymer NDE (edited by Khg. Ashbee), Technomic Publishing, p. 250-260, 1984... 

Chan,R.W.Y., Hay,D.R., Matthews,J.R., MacDonald,H.A., (1988), Automated Ultrasonic System for Submarine Pressure Hull Inspection , Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition in Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials, C.H.Chen (ed). Springer-Verlag, pp. 175-187... 

B. A. Auld, F. G. Muennemann and M. Riaziat, Quantitative modelling of flaw responses in eddy current testing. In R. S. Sharpe (ed.), Research techniques in nondestructive testing, Vol. 7. Academic, London, 1984. 

Numerical Modeling of eddy current steam generator inspection Comparison with experimental data, P.O. Gros, Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol 16 A, D.O. Thompson D. Chimenti, Eds (Plenium, New York 1997) pp 257-261. 

The ultrasonic testing of anisotropic austenitic steel welds is a commonly used method in nondestructive testing. Nevertheless, it is often a problem to analyze the received signals in a satisfactory way. Computer simulation of ultrasonics has turned out to be a very helpful tool to gather information and to improve the physical understanding of complicated wave phenomena inside the samples. 

Klaholz, S. Langenberg, K.. ]. Baum, P. Waite, F. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 14 219-226, Plenum Press, New York, 1995... 

Chapman, R.K., "A system model for the ultrasonic inspection of smooth planar cracks", J. Nondestruct. Eval., 1990,9, 197-211. 

Welded structures often have to be tested nondestructively, particularly for critical application where weld failure can he catastrophic, such as in pressure vessels, load-bearing structural members, and power plants. 

Nondestructive testing techniques for welded joints usually include visual, radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing methods. Of interest in this paper is the radiographic testing (RT) technique. 

Nesvijski, E.G., Nogin, S.I. Acoustic Emission Technics for Nondestructive Evaluation of Stress of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures and Materials. Third Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, CO, 1996. Nesvijski, E. G. Failure Forecast and the Acoustic Emission Silence Effect in Concrete. ASNT s Spring Conference, Houston, TX, 1997. 

There have been numerous efforts to inspect specimens by ultrasonic reflectivity (or pulse-echo) measurements. In these inspections ultrasonic reflectivity is often used to observe changes in the acoustical impedance, and from this observation to localize defects in the specimen. However, the term defect is related to any discontinuity within the specimen and, consequently, more information is needed than only ultrasonic reflectivity to define the discontinuity as a defect. This information may be provided by three-dimensional ultrasonic reflection tomography and a priori knowledge about the specimen (e.g., the specimen fabrication process, its design, the intended purpose and the material). A more comprehensive review of defect characterization and related nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods is provided elsewhere [1]. 

Koshovy V. V. Methods of restoring of the acoustical images and their applications to nondestructive testing in civil engineering // Proc. Int. Symp. Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering - Berlin, Sept. 26-28, 1995. - V.2. -P. 1153-1156. 

Nondestructive Cracks and Corrosion Testing by Eddy Current Method. 

HTS SQUID System with Joule-Thomson Cryocooler for Eddy Current Nondestructive... 

H.A. Sabbagh and R.G. Lautzenheiser. Inverse problems in electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics in Materials, 3 253-2614, 1993. 

The purpose of the nondestructive control consists in detecting local modifications of the material parameters which, by their presence can endanger the quality of the half-finished or finished products. The electromagnetic nondestructive control permits to render evident surface and subsurface discontinuities in the electroconductive material under test. The present tendency of this control is to pass from a qualitative evaluation (the presence or absence of the material discontinuities which give at the output of the control equipment a signal higher or at least equal to that coming from a standard discontinuity whose shape and severity has been prescribed by the product standards) to a quantitative one, which enables to locate as exactly as possible the discontinuity and to make predictions over its shape and severity. 

This work presents two methods to determine the shape and severity of material discontinuities detected by means of the eddy current nondestructive control. 

Gutkiewicz P. "Ultrasonic and eddy current nondestructive testing in Windows envirorunent , ZfP als Dienstleitung in einer veranderten Industriestruktur, Dresden, 5-7 Mai 1997, P 67... 

Daniels A., Nondestructive pulsed infrared quantitative evaluation of metals... 

Nondestructive Testing Handbook Vol. 9, Special Nondestruetive Testing Methods , ASNT 1995... 

Luminescence IP s are fundamentally and theoretically utilizable for nondestructive testing if all of the recommended guidelines and operational recipes and appropriate systems are used. They are quite capable of producing image quality on a par with industrial radiography. 

Migoun N.P. Proceedings of 7 Int. Symp. On Nondestructive Characterization of Materials. Material Science Forum, 1996, v.210-213, part 1, p. 387-388. 

Magnetic particles is one of the most used nondestructive testing techniques in industry. It allows detection and localization of surfacic and subsurfacic defects of ferromagnetic pieces by making conspicuous leakage fields by a magnetic developer. 

Speckle shearing interferometry, or shearography, is a full field optical inspection teclmique that may be used for the nondestructive detection of surface and, sometimes, subsurface defects. Whilst being more sensitive in the detection of surface defects, it may also be considered for pipe inspection and the monitoring of internal conoslon. In contrast, laser ultrasound and other forms of ultrasound, are point by point measurement techniques, so that scanning facilities and significant data processing is required before information on local defects is extracted from any examination of extensive areas [1 - 3]. 

R. Coulette, E. Lafond, F. Lepoutre, D. Balageas, M.-H. Nadal and C. Gondard, Laser ultrasonics NDE of two-layered samples . Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol 17, edsD. O. Thompson and D. E. Chimenti (Plenum, New York, 1998), to be published. 

R. A. Murgatroyd, G.M. Worrall, und S. Crutzen Lessons leamt from the RISC 111 study of the influence of human factors on inspection reliability. 6 European Conference on Nondestructive Te.sting, Nice. 1994, Vol. 2, p 989-993... 

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