Nondestructive tests testing

R. C. McMaster, P. Mclntire, and M. Mester, ed., "Electromagnetic Testing," Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Vol. 4, 2nd ed., American Society for Nondestmctive Testing, Columbus, Ohio, 1986. 

The integrity of welded structures depends on the integrity of the welds, and much attention is given to testing methods, such as destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and general weld inspection. An objective of many tests is to determine whether welds contain specific defects, such as porosity, slag inclusions, cracks, or lack of fusion (14,15). 

Nondestructive Testing. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is far more economical than destructive test methods, and every assembly can be tested if desired. Several nondestructive test methods are used to check the appearance and quality of structures made with adhesives or sealants. The main methods are simple ones such as visual inspection, tap, proof, and more advanced physical monitoring such as ultrasonic or radiographic inspection. The most difficult defects to find are those related to improper curing and surface treatments. Therefore, great care and control must be exercised in surface preparation procedures and shop cleanliness. 

Operation Inspection, testing Nondestructive testing, condition monitoring, corrosion monitoring, malfunction detection, plant degradation audits Plant safety audits... 

Miller RK, Mclntire P (eds) (1987) Acoustic emission testing. Nondestructive testing handbook, Vol. 5. American Society for Nondestiuctive Testing. 2. Edition, p 603... 

Stegemann, D, Reimche, W. Schmidtbauer, J. Investigations of Light Metal Casting Processes by Real Time Microfocus Radioscopy. The European Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. l,No. 3, S. 107117, Jan. 1992... 

The basic condition of the Standard application - the availability of stable coupled probabilistic or the multiple probabilistic relations between then controlled quality indexes and magnetic characteristics of steel. All the probabilistic estimates, used in the Standard, are applied at confidence level not less than 0,95. General requirements to the means of control and procedure of its performance are also stipulated. Engineers of standard development endeavoured take into consideration the existed practice of technical control performance and test at the enterprises that is why the preparation of object control for the performance of nondestructive test can be done during the process of ordinary acceptance test. It is suggested that every enterprise is operated in correspondence with direct and non-destructive tests, obtained exactly at it, for detailed process chart and definite product type, however the tests have long since been performed after development of the Standard displayed that process gives way to unification. 

B. A. Auld, F. G. Muennemann and M. Riaziat, Quantitative modelling of flaw responses in eddy current testing. In R. S. Sharpe (ed.), Research techniques in nondestructive testing, Vol. 7. Academic, London, 1984. 

The ultrasonic testing of anisotropic austenitic steel welds is a commonly used method in nondestructive testing. Nevertheless, it is often a problem to analyze the received signals in a satisfactory way. Computer simulation of ultrasonics has turned out to be a very helpful tool to gather information and to improve the physical understanding of complicated wave phenomena inside the samples. 

Welded structures often have to be tested nondestructively, particularly for critical application where weld failure can he catastrophic, such as in pressure vessels, load-bearing structural members, and power plants. 

Nondestructive testing techniques for welded joints usually include visual, radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing methods. Of interest in this paper is the radiographic testing (RT) technique. 

Koshovy V. V. Methods of restoring of the acoustical images and their applications to nondestructive testing in civil engineering // Proc. Int. Symp. Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering - Berlin, Sept. 26-28, 1995. - V.2. -P. 1153-1156. 

Nondestructive Cracks and Corrosion Testing by Eddy Current Method. 

The purpose of the nondestructive control consists in detecting local modifications of the material parameters which, by their presence can endanger the quality of the half-finished or finished products. The electromagnetic nondestructive control permits to render evident surface and subsurface discontinuities in the electroconductive material under test. The present tendency of this control is to pass from a qualitative evaluation (the presence or absence of the material discontinuities which give at the output of the control equipment a signal higher or at least equal to that coming from a standard discontinuity whose shape and severity has been prescribed by the product standards) to a quantitative one, which enables to locate as exactly as possible the discontinuity and to make predictions over its shape and severity. 

Gutkiewicz P. "Ultrasonic and eddy current nondestructive testing in Windows envirorunent , ZfP als Dienstleitung in einer veranderten Industriestruktur, Dresden, 5-7 Mai 1997, P 67... 

Nondestructive Testing Handbook Vol. 9, Special Nondestruetive Testing Methods , ASNT 1995... 

Luminescence IP s are fundamentally and theoretically utilizable for nondestructive testing if all of the recommended guidelines and operational recipes and appropriate systems are used. They are quite capable of producing image quality on a par with industrial radiography. 

Magnetic particles is one of the most used nondestructive testing techniques in industry. It allows detection and localization of surfacic and subsurfacic defects of ferromagnetic pieces by making conspicuous leakage fields by a magnetic developer. 

A. Gurvich und G. Passi Comparison of non automated systems for the acoustic nondestructive testing of welded joints, Defektoskopiya, 1991, No 2, p 3-9 (in Russian)... 

Lange, Yu V. Low Frequency Acoustic Methods and Means for Nondestructive. Testing of Multilayer Structures. Moscow, Mashinostrojenije, 1991, 272 p. (in Russian)... 

This presented approach to the development of the procedure for nondestructive testing is corresponding to special requirements specified in EAL -G15 to similar procedures. 

The first full text NDT Journal on www.ndt.net, the Online Journal of Nondestructive Testing Ultrasonics, is on the Internet and each month provides new information as well as a comprehensive overall reference - access is free since it is sponsored by the NDT online exhibition. 

The Canadian Society for Nondestructive Testing, http //www.csndt.org/... 

With the availability of such a SQUID system the question arises what it brings to nondestructive testing. One has to check if existing methods can be improved by using this systems. And, one has to check if this system allows for powerful new NDT methods. 

Brasche, L, Smith, K Engine Titanium Consortium An Overview of the Contaminated Billet Study, Fall Conference of the American Society of Nondestructive Testing, Oct. 20-24, 1997, Pittsburgh, USA... 

It has developed a real time method to compare successive non-destructive inspections of the steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Each tube provides a safety barrier between the primary and secondary coolant circuits. Each steam generator contains several thousands of tubes whose structural integrity must be ensured through the lifetime of the plant, Therefore, Laborelec performs extensive nondestructive tests after each plant outage. 

Laser-based profilometry systems have also been applied for nondestructive testing and measurement of both smooth-bore and rifled gun tubes. Working through Small Business Innovation Research program, the U.S. Army has developed laser-based profilometry systems for the inspection of the 120mm cannon used on the MI-Al Abrams main battle tank. Systems have also been built to measure the erosion of 25 mm and 155 mm rifled gun tubes. 

Doyle, J. L., Bondurant P. D., Johnson, R. F., (1994) Laser-Based Profilometry Point Triangulation Technology forNDE Applications, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Special Nondestructive Methods, Vol. 9, pp. 141-157. 

Doyle, J. L., Wood, G. R., and Bondurant, P. D. Using Laser-Based Profilometry to Locate and Measure Corrosion Fatigue Cracking in Boiler Tubes, Materials Evaluation, D The American Society of Nondestructive Testing, Inc., Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 556-560 (1993). 

Portions of the preceding paper have been reprinted with the permission of the American Society of Nondestructive Testing. 

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