Quality control 398 INDEX

The model of the process consists both of the kinematics and the d)mamics of the ship s movement, the disturbances, the strategies of the encountered ships and the quality control index of the own ship (Clarke 2003, Fang Luo 2005, Fossen 2011, Kula 2014, Perez 2005). 

Photoelectric-Colorimetric Method. Although the recording spectrophotometer is, for food work at least, a research tool, another instrument, the Hunter multipurpose reflectometer (4), is available and may prove to be applicable to industrial quality control. (The newer Hunter color and color difference meter which eliminates considerable calculation will probably be even more directly applicable. Another make of reflection meter has recently been made available commercially that uses filters similar to those developed by Hunter and can be used to obtain a similar type of data.) This instrument is not a spectrophotometer, for it does not primarily measure the variation of any property of samples with respect to wave length, but certain colorimetric indexes are calculated from separate readings with amber, blue, and green filters, designated A, B, and G, respectively. The most useful indexes in food color work obtainable with this type of instrument have been G, which gives a... 

Valko et al. [37] developed a fast-gradient RP-HPLC method for the determination of a chromatographic hydrophobicity index (CHI). An octadecylsilane (ODS) column and 50 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH 7.4) mobile phase with acetonitrile as an organic modifier (0-100%) were used. The system calibration and quality control were performed periodically by measuring retention for 10 standards unionized at pH 7.4. The CHI could then be used as an independent measure of hydrophobicity. In addition, its correlation with linear free-energy parameters explained some molecular descriptors, including H-bond basicity/ acidity and dipolarity/polarizability. It is noted [27] that there are significant differences between CHI values and octanol-water log D values. 

Frequently one will find new citations (not found in the database just completed) in the next bibliographical database that one searches. Are these new citations unique to this second bibliographic database, or were they present in the first database but your search did not find them To build quality control into your search process, return to the first bibliographical database and search for the newfound citations using an author or a title-word search statement. If you do find the newfound citations in the first database, explore the citations index/key words. You may discover additional appropriate search terms or procedures to improve your search. 

Some of the simplest techniques and instruments are valuable tools for chemical analysis. This chapter is designed to remind students that simple, rapid methods are advantageous in many situations. These methods are often used for quality control purposes. The methods discussed here are melting and boiling points, viscosity, density or specific gravity and refractive index. 

The refractive index is another very rapid analytical method for determining purity and identity of a substance. It is uniquely useful for quality control monitoring of raw materials and finished products. Many students encounter a refractometer first as a universal detector for high-performance liquid chromatography. 

Quality control is performed at the moment of data entry, in particular, with respect to errors present in publications. Chemical structures are checked for structural consistency by matching the molecular weight (MW) and chemical formula with the ones available in the experimental section and/or supporting information - whenever available, and by comparison to prior publications. Whenever in doubt, we also use other sources, such as the Merck Index [20] and free Internet resources. In the instances... 

Even in modern quality control laboratories you will find a number of traditional methods for the identification of single flavour compounds, for example the estimation of optical rotation, refractive index, density and melting point, since these methods are generally accepted, effective and less time-consuming. Especially for the purpose of fast identification checks of more complex systems, spectroscopic methods, above all infrared (IR) and near-IR spectroscopy, are gaining more and more importance. 

The burn rates of propellants are determined in a strand burner (Crawford bomb/ acoustic emission technique) at various pressures using an inert gas for pressurization. This data, when fitted in the empirical relation r = a.P" provides the pressure index n and the coefficient a. This technique is highly useful as a first approximation and is extensively used for propellant screening and quality control. The bum rates at different pressures are also determined by static testing in a ballistic evaluation motors (BEMs) and burn rates are typically scaled up from 1-5% for full scale motors. 

The taste sensor will be applicable for quality control in food industry and help automation of the production. The sense of taste is vague and largely depends on subjective factors of human feelings. If we compare the standard index measured by means of the taste sensor with the sensory evaluation, we will be able to assess taste objectively. Moreover, the mechanism of information processing of taste in the brain as well as the reception at taste cells will also be clarified by developing a taste sensor which has output similar to that of the biological gustatory system. 

A statistical index of precision calculated as ([standard deviation x 100] mean). The CV is a measure of the variability in a group of measurements. Since the CV is unitless, it can be used to compare CVs from different experiments . It is also a quality control tool. For example, in the algal microplate toxicity test, algal cell density in control wells at the end of the test exposure period must have a CV not exceeding 20% to meet test acceptability criteria. Volume 1(1,2,3,10). 

The melt flow indexer. The melt flow indexer is often used in industry to characterize a polymer melt and as a simple and quick means of quality control. It takes a single point measurement using standard testing conditions specific to each polymer class on a ram type extruder or extrusion plastometer as shown in Fig. 2.45. 

The submission project plan should identify the critical path of the application and the major milestones influencing the timeline. An index should be prepared identifying the critical sections and associated documents and the targeted availability of the documents for inclusion in the application. Systems should be in place for the controlled physical assembly of the application, including appropriate procedures for assembling the application and performing adequate quality control. Checklists are very helpful in ensuring that all necessary elements are included. 

Most of the methods used to characterize the rheological behavior of butter are empirical and attempt to imitate certain sensory perceptions. They typically involve penetrometry, extrusion or sectility tests (Prentice, 1972). In these tests, the structure of the material is destroyed in order to probe its response to an applied stress or deformation. These methods mostly serve a quality control function. Their results provide an index of consistency to adjust milk-blending operations or to regulate a step in the butter-making process. While the results have practical significance, they often have no theoretical basis. Therefore, attempts have also been made to study the intrinsic properties of plastic fats. In many such cases, small deformation tests, in which the structure of the sample remains intact have been used to probe milk fat rheology. 

FIGURE 2-17. Contribution of molecular weight to polymer properties, (a) Molecular weight distribution profile of a typical polymer. (b) Quality control of an alkyd resin. It was determined that a good paint resulted only when the ratio of the peak heights was between 0.6 and 0.8. Detector refractive index. 

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