National recording standards

Are these accident rates truly realistic indicators for the actual safety standards in these particular countries To answer this question outright national accident records are far from being comparable (Mertens 1984). There are mainly two classes of reasons responsible for this incompatibility first, national recording standards differ widely and second, hazard potentials vary considerably across industries and nations, respectively. 

In what documents do you record the basis used for calibration where no nationally recognized standards exist ... 

Calibrated or verihed at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards where no such standards exist, the basis used for calibration or veriheation is recorded. 

EPA. 2000c. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations, National Archives and Records Administration. 40 CFR 61.01. Http //www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html. January 23,2001. 

CFR63 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories, Part 63, Title 40-Protection of Environment, Code of Federal Regulations Office of the Federal Register, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Washington... 

Electronic health record (EUR) is a computerized patient-centric history of an individual s health care that includes treatment records from multiple providers, clinical information, and administrative tasks for patient management. It is built from data in electronic medical record (EMR), which is specific to a provider. EHR enables linking of clinical information with payment systems, and can retrieve data from multiple sources of care that the patient might have used. Because they are interoperable, they can be accessed at any point of care. It makes it possible for patients to obtain accurate and reliable information about the cost and quality of healthcare. Note that interoperability and data transparency require national data standards. 

For conformance to GMP or ISO 9000 requirements, instmment cahbration must be documented to include identification of the instmment and the cahbration standard. The standard must be traceable to a recognized standard such as from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST). Cahbration documentation also includes the method of cahbration and a record of the cahbration results. 

Numerous analyses of data routinely collected in the United States have been performed by the U.S. National Climatic Center, results of these analyses are available at reasonable cost. The joint frequency of Pasquill stability class, wind direction class (primarily to 16 compass points), and wind speed class (in six classes) has been determined for various periods of record for over 200 observation stations in the United States from either hourly or 3-hourly data. A computer program called STAR (STability ARray) estimates the Pasquill class from the elevation of the sun (approximated from the hour and time of year), wind speed, cloud cover, and ceiling height. STAR output for seasons and the entire period of record can be obtained from the Center. Table 21-2 is similar in format to the standard output. This table gives the frequencies for D stability, based on a total of 100 for all stabilities. 

The certification business has grown enormously in the last ten years. The International Accreditation Forum (lAF) recorded 616 accredited certification bodies in January 1999. The experience of the vehicle manufacturers with ISO 9000 certification led them to question the wisdom of so many certification bodies chasing the same business in a competitive market. The results seemed to indicate that cost reductions by the certification bodies led to a decline in the quality of auditing and that was the opposite of what the vehicle manufacturers wanted. The vehicle manufacturers had not seen a significant rise in product quality as a result of ISO 9000 and they believed this was partially due to the quality of the accreditation and certification schemes being operated as well as inadequacies in the quality system standard. When the four national automotive schemes were launched, great emphasis was placed on regulating more closely the accreditation and certification schemes. From a customer perspective, the ISO 10011 scheme had some particular problems ... 

The product specification should provide all necessary processing requirements that need to be implemented when carrying out particular processes however, some of the requirements may need to be defined in separate process specifications which are invoked by reference. You may need to develop your own process specifications, but there are many national standards that may suit your needs and they come with the added benefit that they have been proven to work. The quality plan or procedures should not contain any further product requirements but may provide the verification methods to be employed, the precautions to be observed and the recording requirements to be met. You need to identify in your production plans each of these documents at the stage at which they should be applied, otherwise there is the possibility that they may be overlooked. 

FPN No. 1) It is important that the authority having Jurisdiction be familiar with recorded industrial experience as well as with standards of the National Fire Protection Association, the American Petroleum Institute, and the Instrument Society of America that may be of use in the classification of various locations, the determination of adequate ventilation, and the protection against static electricity and lightning hazards. 

Manufacturers and specialist materials development associations publish extensive corrosion data in the form of monographs, and this form of presentation is also used in national standards. The most recent comprehensive text in this category is perhaps the publication by the Zinc Development Association . The work is important in that the section on chemicals also deals with common, though complex, chemical formulations, e.g. Are-extinguisher fluids, soaps and syndets, agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilisers. This publication also demonstrates the mammoth task of recording all the available data for just one material. A comparable book for mild steel would probably be much larger, whereas for many other materials the information has not yet been determined. Thus at best, only very incomplete data are available in this form. 

In tests carried out by the National Bureau of Standards in the USA specimens of copper alloys, lead, zinc and zinc alloys were buried at a number of different sites for periods varying from 11 to 14 years. The soils tested covered a pH range from 2-6 to 9-4 and resistivities ranged from 62 to 17 800 fi cm. The weight losses and maximum depths of pitting were recorded, and the results indicated that the most severe corrosion occurred in soils of poor aeration having high acid and soluble-salt contents. 

These data can then be fed into electronic medical records (EMR) such as those the NHS plans to introduce throughout the UK over the next 2 years. This represents a process that will ultimately both reduce the frequency with which patients have to visit their doctor and improve health care delivery. EMR or electronic personal health records (as they are also known) have already been established, or are being established, in many European nations, such as Denmark. The United States, with its decentralized health care industry, is behind the curve in these efforts. However, in early fall of 2005, IBM and eight other IT companies that form the Technology CEO Council (TCC), including Intel, HP, Dell, Motorola, EMC, Applied Materials, NCR, and Unisys committed to adopt electronic health records based on open standards. In addition to these private sector efforts, the US Department of... 

The BERM symposia have served further to clarify understanding of the basic attributes of a good reference standard that is indispensable for establishing new frontiers in the science of measurements, and to highlight the invaluable infrastructure and proven record of metrological excellence available at the National Measurement Institutes to accomplish such tasks. 

Traceable equipment, e.g. balances, thermometers, glassware, timepieces, pipettes, etc. are appropriately calibrated, and the corresponding certificates or other records demonstrating metrological traceability to National Standards are available. 

Surface roughness was measured according to ANSI standard 1346.1-(1978) using a Tencor Instruments Alpha-Step 200 stylus profilometer located at the National Nanofabrication Facility of Cornell. Five surface roughness measurements were made for each sample and their average values recorded. Details of the experimental apparatus set-up and its operation are given elsewhere (Dems, B. C. et. al. Inti. Polvm. Proc.. in press.). 

In response to the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1988, which required health workers to report vaccine adverse events, the CDC and the FDA collaborated in 1990 to implement the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to monitor the safety of vaccines in both sectors. Health care professionals and parent or other caretakers are encouraged to report all clinically significant vaccine adverse events. Narrative diagnostic reports are reviewed and assigned standard codes using Coding Symbols for a Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms. The source of the vaccines (public versus private provider) is recorded on the form. 

A mercury-based maximum-minimum thermometer may be used to monitor temperatures during periods when the laboratory is not staffed. Large-volume refrigerators/freezers can be monitored with an upper- and lower-limit alarm system or a recording thermometer. Ah thermometers are to be calibrated with an appropriate National Inshtute of Standards and Technology (NIST) thermometer when put in service and every 6 mo thereafter. 

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has established a voluntary consensus standard for recording basic facts relating to the nature and occurrence of work injuries, ANSI Z16.2.( ) This standard has been in use for more than 30 years and provides a consistent baseline for many report formats. The standard focuses on injury to personnel and presents standard classification categories. If alternate codes are used in incident reports, special effort and notation must be made to avoid confusing the reader. 

American National Standards Institnte. ANSI ZI6.2 Method of Recording Bask... 

American National Standards Institute. ANSI Z16.2 Method of Recording Basic Facts Relating to the Nature and Occurrence of Work Injuries. New York. 

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