Reporting formats

Equally important, the contractor s cost-estimation team will have established a sharply honed, systematic approach including all the correct checklists, forms, and report formats designed to preclude oversights. The team will have developed the discipline, as a result of competitive bidding, to produce the kind of final report that fits in correctly with any type of economic evaluation. 

Adolph Baeyer is credited with the first recognition of the general nature of the reaction between phenols and aldehydes in 1872 ([2,5-7] [18], Table 5.1). He reported formation of colorless resins when acidic solutions of pyrogallic acid or resorcinol were mixed with oil of bitter almonds, which consists primarily benzaldehyde. Baeyer also saw resin formation with acidic and basic solutions of phenol and acetaldehyde or chloral. Michael and Comey furthered Baeyer s work with additional studies on the behavior of benzaldehyde and phenols [2,19]. They studied a variety of acidic and basic catalysts and noted that reaction vigor followed the acid or base strength of the catalyst. Michael et al. also reported rapid oxidation and darkening of phenolic resins when catalyzed by alkaline materials. 

CALS combines sample tracking facilities with a database for management and documentation of information in the environmental wa.sie monitoring laboratory. EWOBS provides a reporting format that prints data on the NPDLiS form. 

In 1988, the Purchasing and Supply Vice Presidents of Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors chartered a Task Force to standardize reference manuals, reporting formats, and technical nomenclature, resulting in five standardized reference manuals. 

You could use your own reject note or nonconformity report format to notify the customer of a defective product but these are not appropriate if the product is lost. You also need a customer response to the problem and so a form that combines both a statement of the problem and of the solution would be more appropriate. 

This sample uses CCPS PSM Element 5, Management of Change, to illustrate a useful audit report format. The full report would include similar treatment of the other 11 PSM Elements. 

The sample monthly report presented on the next three pages is made up of different reporting formats an actual report would probably use a more consistent presentation format. The report is a monthly corporate level report it assumes the reader is familiar with the format and provides little explanation or interpretation. Each division or facility would have its own report which would cover local issues in more detail. 

While Kakisawa et al. (87TL3981) reported formation of Wmethylpyrazole 1, Yamaguchi et al. obtained the NH derivative 2 by reaction of caryoynencins with diazomethane in ethyl acetate at 0°C (94BSJ1717 95JMC5015). The 1,3-dipolar addition was quite sensitive to the solvent employed, and a very low yield of pyrazole derivative 2 was obtained in ether or methanol (Scheme 5). 

Another type of interaction is the association of radical ions with the parent compounds. Recently (118), a theoretical study was reported on the interaction of butadiene ions with butadiene. Assuming a sandwich structure for the complex, the potential curve based on an extended Hiickel calculation for two approaching butadienes (B + B) revealed only repulsion, as expected, while the curves for B + and B + B" interactions exhibit shallow minima (.068 and. 048 eV) at an interplanar distance of about 3.4 A. From CNDO/2 calculations, adopting the parameter set of Wiberg (161), the dimer cation radical, BJ, appears to be. 132 eV more stable than the separate B and B species, whereas the separate B and B species are favored by. 116eV over the dimer anion radical, BJ. This finding is consistent with experimental results formation of the dimer cation radical was proved in a convincing manner (162) while the attempts to detect the dimer anion radical have been unsuccessful. With other hydrocarbons, the reported formation of benzene dimer anion radical (163) represents an exceptional case, while the dimeric cation radical was observed... 

The advantages to using MSDSs for chemical inventories are that MSDSs are publicly available and required by law. There is no extra cost or labour needed to supply them. The limitations to using MSDSs as a source of inventory data are that currently, in the United States, a standardized reporting format is not mandatory. MSDSs are not verified or audited and MSDS information can be incomplete and/or inaccurate. In addition, OSHA s definition of hazard does not include the broader scope of hazard used in green chemistry. Therefore, chemicals that are potential hazards from the green chemistry perspective but are not defined by OSHA as hazards, are not required to be identified on a MSDS. 

As part of maintenance, some equipment may need to be calibrated. SOPs must include calibration methods, and a report format needs to be available at the time of calibration. Calibration SOPs must include pass/fail specifications as well as corrective actions to be taken in the event of calibration failure. For quality calibration standards use National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable standards or other intrinsic standards of known purity, quality, and stability. These standards should have certificates attesting to their performance properties. After calibration, the metrologist or other responsible person should review the calibration reports to identify any issues with the equipment that may need further attention. 

Since most Ni1 species with simple N-donor ligands are prone to disproportionation into Ni° and Ni11, relatively few Ni1 complexes with nonmacrocyclic N-donor ligands have been reported. Formation of Ni1 species is in most cases proposed on the basis of electrochemical data, although ligand-centered redox processes have to be considered. The ligands usually contain imine donor atoms or aromatic N-heterocycles, which because of their 7r-acceptor ability favor stabilization of lower oxidation states. 

Okamoto and Mita studied the anionic polymerization of 1,4-DIPB in THF [261]. They found the reactivity of the pendant vinyl groups by about three to four orders of magnitude lower than that of the vinyl groups of the monomers. Popov et al. compared the reactivities of 1,4-DVB and 1,4-DIPB in the reaction with polystyryl dianions in THF/benzene mixtures [262]. While addition of 1,4-DVB to the dianion solution caused an immediate macrogelation, no gel formation was observed on the addition of 1,4-DIPB. Anionic polymerization of 1,3-DIPB was also studied by several research groups [263-265]. They reported formation of low molar mass species. 

Kletz3 used a report format that summarizes the events and recommendations in a diagram. This type of summary is shown in Figure 12-1. It emphasizes underlying causes and layered recommendations. These concepts are described in Example 12-2. The illustrated format is similar to the one used by Kletz. 

In 1985, Tsuji s group carried out a Pd-catalyzed reaction of propargyl carbonate with methyl acetoacetate as a soft carbonucleophile under neutral conditions to afford 4,5-dihydrofuran 109 [89-91]. The resulting unstable 109 readily isomerized to furan 110 under acidic conditions. In addition, they also reported formation of disubstituted furan 112 via a Pd-catalyzed heteroannulation of hydroxy propargylic carbonate 111 [92], Presumably, an allenylpalladium complex (c/. 114) was the key intermediate. 

Contrasting with the reported formation of fused [l,3,4]thiadiazole rings in the course of the reaction of 3-substituted-4-amino-5-thio-47/-[l,2,4]triazoles 83 with various isothiocyanates (cf. Section 11.07.8.3, Table 3), the reactions with methyl isothiocyanate and with phenylisocyanate afford 3,7-disubstituted-6,7-dihydro-57/-[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-f] [l,2,4]triazole-6-thiones 110 and -triazole-6-ones 111, respectively (Equation 29) <1986MI607, 1992IJB167>.The same reaction of 4-amino-l-methyl-3,5-bis(methylthio)[l,2,4]triazolium iodide 112 with aryl isothiocyanates yields the mesoionic compounds 113 (Equation 30) <1984TL5427, 1986T2121>. 

An example of radical coupling foUowing hydrogen abstraction by excited nitro-ethane from cyclohexane or diethyl ether in solution has also been reported Formation of -methyl-N-arylnitrones is observed during photoreduction (via electron transfer) of sterically hindered nitrobenzenes in triethylamine 39) ... 

Both new and experienced users can take advantage of software to lead them through instrument set-up and data acquisition. Automated quantitation routines are available to calculate compound amounts in samples. These routines offer complete flexihihty to generate custom report formats. By integrating retention time information and internal or external cahhration curves can he calculated. Quantitation data can he exported to popular spreadsheet programs. 

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has established a voluntary consensus standard for recording basic facts relating to the nature and occurrence of work injuries, ANSI Z16.2.( ) This standard has been in use for more than 30 years and provides a consistent baseline for many report formats. The standard focuses on injury to personnel and presents standard classification categories. If alternate codes are used in incident reports, special effort and notation must be made to avoid confusing the reader. 

It was reported (82H319) that 9 reacts with hydrazines to yield 10. Compounds 9 were prepared via reacting 11a with ethyl cyanoacetate. This is in contrast to the reported formation of 12 and 13 upon attempted condensation of 10b with ethyl cyanoacetate (83JHC511). 

Similarly l-phenyl-3-methyl-4-formyl-5-chloropyrazole reacts with thioglycollic acid in the presence of alkali to yield a mercaptopyrazole derivative that could be cyclized to thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole in the presence of alkali (69KGS760, 69ZOR1498). Similar to this is the reported formation, via 311, of 312 from 310 and mercaptoacetanilide (73ZOR2416). 

Before starting to draft the report, consider who the final users will be and adapt the presentation accordingly. Requirements and expectations differ between regulatory authorities. Some authorities have their own reporting formats. For instance, the EPA provides report templates for pesticide studies (1), and the FDA provides templates for food studies (2). A report format initially produced for one authority, such as the OECD, may prove to be unsuitable for subsequent submission to another authority, such as the EPA. Therefore, it is very important to know in advance all of the authorities to which the report will be submitted. Once the final report has been issued it cannot be modified except by amendment, which is very difficult to do for formatting changes. 

ECHA (2010) CLH report format with explanations. http //echa.europa.eu/documents /10162/1721 8/clh report format expl 201005 en.pdf Accessed 29 Jan 2012... 

A subsequent elimination of hydrogen halide prompted by the lability of halogen on the carbon attached to nitrogen, a second halogen addition, and a repetition of the cycle must account for the reported formation of 9-pentachloro- and 9-pentabromoethylcarbazoles on reaction with excess halogen in methanol and acetic acid, respectively. Addition of bromine to IV-vinylcarbazole in benzene as solvent was accompanied by 3,6-dibromi-nation in ethanol, 3,6-dibromo-9-(2-bromo-l-ethoxyethyl)carbazole was reportedly formed (cf. ref. 230). 

---