Verification, method

The design verification plan should be constructed so that every design requirement is verified and the simplest way of confirming this is to produce a verification matrix of requirement against verification methods. You need to cover all the requirements, those that can be verified by test, by inspection, by analysis, by simulation or demonstration, or simply by validation of product records. For those requirements to be verified by test, a test specification will need to be produced. The test specification should specify which characteristics are to be measured in terms of parameters and limits and the conditions under which they are to be measured. 

When would tests and demonstrations be an appropriate verification method ... 

The product specification should provide all necessary processing requirements that need to be implemented when carrying out particular processes however, some of the requirements may need to be defined in separate process specifications which are invoked by reference. You may need to develop your own process specifications, but there are many national standards that may suit your needs and they come with the added benefit that they have been proven to work. The quality plan or procedures should not contain any further product requirements but may provide the verification methods to be employed, the precautions to be observed and the recording requirements to be met. You need to identify in your production plans each of these documents at the stage at which they should be applied, otherwise there is the possibility that they may be overlooked. 

None of these restrictions affect computing power. This can readily be shown using new temporary variables. Restriction 3) helped us in the definition of computation. All the restrictions will be useful when we adapt the verification method to handle recursion restriction 2) is vital in this respect as without it the method in the last section of this chapter is invalid. 

Godeffoid, P. (1991) Using Partial Orders to Improve Automatic Verification Methods. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Aided Verification, vol. 531 of LNCS, Springer, Berlin, pp. 176-185. 

Quantitative RT PCR (qRT PCR) can be used to accurately determine the levels of messages within given preparations of RNA. qRT PCR thermocyclers provide rapid online detection and quantification of mRNA, however, the initial purchase cost and the cost of reagents may be prohibitive for some laboratories. Methods of semiquantitative RT PCR have been used and good descriptions of these techniques are available (Samhrook and Russell, 2001). However, the same cDNA populations should not be used for differential display reactions and verification that a potential differential display band represents a differentially expressed gene. For this reason, independent cDNA samples should be prepared if both the screening and verification methods rely on PCR. qRT PCR, therefore, should be used in conjunction with other methods to verify that a differential display band represents a differentially expressed gene. 

The verification of the measurement method is carried out in two steps the first step is to make sure, as well as possible, that the individual measuring devices work according to their specification and the second is to verify the complete method. Paper III describes all the verification methods used to test the accuracy of the measuring devices. 

All the single tests were verified with respect to mass-balance, according to the verification method explained in Paper III. The mass-balance results were in good agreement for all the runs. 

Very few authors specify the theory of the measurement method applied. Verification methods and uncertainty analysis are scarce. Consequently, the reproduction of the measurements is difficult. 

The subsection, results and conclusions, focuses on the results and conclusions with respect to sought quantities, that is, the ignition front rate, conversion rate, and conversion stoichiometry. Each work is rounded off with comments by this author, with respect to the content of the physical model and the mathematical model making up the theory of the measurement method, as well as the application of verification methods. 

The physical and mathematical model of the determination of ignition rate are not explicitly formulated. However, it is understood from the displayed graphs that the ten thermocouples inserted in the fuel bed are used to detect the speed of the ignition front. The thermocouples are placed with a known distance between them. Furthermore, Rogers states The ignition rates were computed as the product of the rate of travel of the ignition front and the initial bed density . No verification method was used. 

A seemingly simple measurement method to quantify the burning rate (conversion gas rate) of a simulated crosscurrent moving bed was obtained by Lamb et al. However, the mathematical relationship between burning rate and measurands was not explicitly declared. No verification method is used and no uncertainty analysis is carried out. The method is badly defined. Consequently, the results would be difficult to reproduce. 

Stubington et al [6] presented a short descriptive model of how the ignition front rate and the combustion rate are determined. No mathematical models to calculate the ignition rate and the combustion rate are shown. However. As far as this author can understand, the calculation results are time average values, that is, no time instant values are obtained by the method used by Stubington. No uncertainty analysis was presented and no verification method was used. The methods used are unclearly defined. Consequently, the results would be difficult to reproduce. Nevertheless, the study includes interesting result. 

Koistinen et al [7] present a number of graphs on the grate fluxes (W/m, s). However, no theory of the method to calculate the grate effect was described. It must be based on the measured mass loss rate. Furthermore, no plots on the combustion rate (kg/m, s) are shown. Magnitudes of the air factor is presented, but no theory of how it is determined. No uncertainty analysis is carried out and no verification method is... 

Aho [8] presented a short descriptive model of the relationship between combustion heat rate and mass loss rate of bed. He applies the same method as Koistinen et al [7]. It is clear that the method used presents time average values of combustion heat rate. No verification method is applied and no uncertainty analysis is carried out. The... 

Time average values of air factor of the conversion system were calculated. However, the mathematical model of the method is unclear. No verification methods were given and no uncertainty analysis was discussed. The method used is difficult to reproduce. 

Author Conversion concept Sought quantity Measurands Theory of method Verification method Uncertainty analysis... 

In contrast to a typical industrial robot, the laboratory robot must be flexible and user-programmable. Many laboratory robots incorporate tactile sensing and other verification methods. However, vision capabilities are virtually nonexistent at this time. Laboratory robots range in price from 25,000- 100,000 with typical system prices averaging 40, 000- S0,000. 

Test objectives and prerequisites Responsibilities and signatories Test or verification method Traceability to specified requirements Test data collection and record Deviation procedure Test procedure Test data sheets Qualification review and report Supplementary data sheets... 

Product information. Name, dosage form (tablet or liquid, vial, etc.), process, active ingredients, material safety data sheets (MSDS), analytical methods, cleaning validation/verification methods, special handling requirements, etc. 

D1 Data review, verification, and validation D2 Validation and verification methods D3 Reconciliation with user requirements... 

D1 Data review, verification, and validation D2 Validation and verification methods 4.3.5 Data reduction, verification, and reporting 4.3.6 Internal data review 5.1 Data evaluation 5.2 The seven steps of data evaluation... 

Although swab selection is not included as a requirement in Table 15.3, it is a parameter that should be considered at some point in the development of a swab assay. From a practical view point, it could be evaluated once for a facility and then replicated on all other compounds. Cleaning verification methods for swabs... 

Itoh, N., and H. Takahashi. 1990. A handwritten numeral verification method using distribution maps of structural features. Proc. SPIE Image Communications and Workstations, p. 1258. 

At the same time, internal quality control must be carried out to verify the performance stability of the limited-scope performance of the method. Triply redundant verification methods are carried out with regard to control of first, second and/or third line, each set of methods applied to a particular type of test. The first line of verification involves pro forma repetition of all the steps of the test, in order to establish repeatability or reproducibility for quantitative tests, and to verify the range of sensitivity or detection for qualitative tests. This verification is performed by the experimenter himself, as part of the proper performance of the test. A second line of verification is put into operation by administrative decision, and includes testing with blind samples, repetition of samples, internal audit procedures, etc. If necessary, a third line of verification can be set up by the use of certified reference materials (or spiking materials), or through collaborative trials. These procedures are based on external cooperation. External audit procedures and complaints handling procedures are also part of this third line of verification. 

Verification of social/community reports lags well behind that of CERs. PIRC found only one social report, Body Shop, had been verified. However, the verification method adopted here was rather interesting as it involved three expert organisations, each for one particular aspect ... 

The P-diagram is a tool used to conceptualize the System Design Specification (SDS). The system spedlication establishes boundaries, describes the organization that is responsible for the requirements, and acts as a source definition of the essential requirements for the component. The system specification will also eventually link requirements to the design verification methods, which are tests that are designed to prove functionality. 

Cleaning procedures should be checked by appropriate methods after validation to ensure these procedures remain effective when used during routine production. Where feasible, equipment should be examined visually lor cleanliness. This may allow detection of gross contamination concentrated in small areas that could go undetected by analytical verification methods. 

As far as verification methods are concerned, it is very rare, and expensive, for one company in the textile and clothing industry to control or to own the production of fibre from raw material all the way through to the final product. Most companies have to cooperate with direct suppliers. 

Fast verification method of mining mechanical anemometers based on wind speed equivalent weight... 

With regard to guidance on selection of application software test and verification methods and techniques, systems with a safety requirement up to SIL 3 should be verified in accordance with the guidance given in 12.7. For SIL 4 systems, the verifier should also confirm that the selected methods do oonform with the requirements of lEC 61508-3. 

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