Soils testing

These problems can be dealt with by usiag artificial test cloths impregnated with various approximations of natural soils such as vacuum cleaner dust, dirt from air conditioner filters, clays, carbon black, fatty acids, dirty motor oil, and artificial sebum, either alone or ia combination (37,94—98). The soils are appHed by sprayiag, immersion, or padding. If the soils are carefully appHed, reproducible results can be obtained. Soil test cloths can be of great help ia detergency studies, when used with an understanding of their limitations. 

Examples of artificially soiled test pieces used to test the performance of amylases include cocoa /milk/sugar, cocoa/sugar/potato starch, cocoa /milk/sugar/potato starch, and starch/carbon black, all on cotton or polyester/cotton. 

Erd-probe, /. soil sample soil test, -rauch,... 

In tests carried out by the National Bureau of Standards in the USA specimens of copper alloys, lead, zinc and zinc alloys were buried at a number of different sites for periods varying from 11 to 14 years. The soils tested covered a pH range from 2-6 to 9-4 and resistivities ranged from 62 to 17 800 fi cm. The weight losses and maximum depths of pitting were recorded, and the results indicated that the most severe corrosion occurred in soils of poor aeration having high acid and soluble-salt contents. 

The guiding principles in test plot maintenance are to (1) minimize soil surface disturbance at all times, (2) ensure that control and treated plots are similarly maintained, (3) avoid applying other agrochemicals that may interfere with sample analysis or that are otherwise contrary to the purpose of the study, (4) follow the prescribed irrigation policy determined for the study site, and (5) keep bare-soil test plots free of vegetation, as follows. 

Trautwein Soil Testing Equipment Company, Installation and Operating Instructions for the Sealed Double-Ring Infiltrometer, Houston, TX, 1989. 

Jump R.K., Sabey B.R. Soil test extractants for predicting selenium in plants. In Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment, L.M. Jacobs, ed. Madison, IL Soil Science of America, Inc. 1989. 

Lindsay W.L., Norvell W.A. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1978 42 421 128. 

Ryan J, Masri S., Garabet S. Geographical distribution of soil test values in Syria and their relationship with crop response. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 1996 27 1579-1593. 

Soltanpour P.N, Workman S.M. Use of NH4HCO3-DTPA soil test to assess the availability and toxicity of selenium to alfalfa paints. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 1980 11 1147-1156. 

Soltanpour P.N., Schwab A. P. A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro- amd micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal, 1977 8 195-207. 

PCBs PCB RISc soil test kit EnSys, Inc. (Strategic Diagnostic Inc.) http //www.sdix.com/... 

Sornsrivichai P, Syers JK,Tillman RW, Cornforth IS. An evaluation of water extraction as a soil-testing procedure of phosphorus. Glasshouse assessment of plant-available phosphate. Fert. Res. 1988 15 211-223. 

Mehlich A. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant—a modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1984 15 1409-1416. 

Tjeerdsma etal. (1998a) subjected thermally modified wood to soft rot decay in unsterile soil tests. Although decay resistance was enhanced by thermal treatment, it was not possible to prevent attack entirely. Treatments giving the best performance in terms of decay resistance also exhibited the highest strength losses. Viitanen etal. (1994) have also reported on some preliminary experiments on heat-treated wood in unsterile soil. 

These examples indicate that aggregation and pore-size distribution parameters affect volatilization of petroleum products from a contaminated subsurface. Fine and Yaron (1993) report that kerosene volatilization depends on the type of soil. Tests on four soils with a clay content increasing from 0.3% to 74.4%, and organic matter... 

Ground limestone (lime) is usually used to increase the pH of acid soils, thus making them less acid. The amount of lime needed depends on a number of factors, such as the current acidity level of the soil, the quality of the limestone and the soil it is applied to. The only really accurate way to know how much lime is required is to have a soil test done. 

Carson, P. L. In "Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region" North Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 499, 1964, 13-5. 

We will refer to the UK MAFF/ADAS publications in the appropriate chapter. There are, however, published procedures on the web, particularly from the USA. Two such manuals are available from Delaware Cooperative Extension (1995) Recommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United States, 2nd Edition, and from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station (1998) Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region at their respective websites ... 

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