National Safety Council related

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the injury frequency rate for all manufacturing companies rose from 11.8 in 1960 to 15.3 in 1970. The National Safety Council estimates that there are around 15,000 job-related deaths each year and another 2,300,000 workers suffer disabling injuries. The total cost associated with these accidents is nearly 9,500,000,000/yr. 14 These figures are conservative,... 

One of the best ways to determine that potential is to examine the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which by law in most jurisdictions must be provided by the manufacturer for any hazardous material used in the workplace and made available to the employees by plant management. The MSDS provides all the information necessary to determine the hazard potential and the requirements for control of any hazardous substance. Still other information can be found in the various guidelines published by the American Industrial Health Association, or by the U.S. National Safety Council, or by NIOSH (the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) or various other national, state, or provincial government bodies. (See Appendix II for information on sources.) Once you have an inventory, of course, you can start relating potential health problems to possible sources in particular areas. Also, in the process of preparing this report, you will begin to build an invaluable library that will stand you in good stead for further consideration of the problems at hand. 

Printing Office(1946) 5 )H. W.Heinrich. Indus trial Accident Prevention A Scientific Approach5, 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill,NY( 1950) 6)National Safety Council,"Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, 2nd ed, Chicago,111(1951) 7)Underwriters Laboratories,Inc, Lists Relating to Accident Equipment , NY(1951) 8)National Fire Protection Association,"National Fire Codes for the Prevention of Dust Explosions, Bostoh(1952) 9)W.M.Kunstler,"The Law of Accidents, Oceana Publications,NY( 1954) 10)US Bureau of Mines,"Accidents from Explosives at Metal and Non-metallic Mines, JuIy(1956)(See also Safety Measures in Industry)... 

According to the latest injury statistics released by the National Safety Council, for every one injury at work there are three home injuries (non-work related) reported. Are U.S. homes so unsafe Or are these statistics now showing the result of many years of the industrial injury-reporting fear factor Are employees taking work injuries home because of the fear factor ... 

Advanced techniques and practices (e.g., awareness, observation, spacing, etc.), used by drivers to protect themselves from the errors of other drivers, unsafe road conditions, and adverse weather conditions that increase driving hazards. The National Safety Council (NSC) launched the first Defensive Driving Course, adapted from techniques used by professional drivers in 1964. Since then, the NSC has trained more than 60 million drivers and today offers more than 25 different defensive driving and fleet safety courses. The NSC offers more courses with the highest success rate in reducing the number and severity of collisions and their related costs than any other driver training provider. 

The cost of workplace injuries is enormous. In 1992 the U.S. economy lost 115.9 billion from work-related accidents 62.5 billion from wage and productivity losses, 22.0 billion from medical costs, 14.5 billion from administration expenses, 3.4 billion from motor vehicle damages, 10.2 billion from indirect employer costs, and 3.3 billion from fire losses (National Safety Council 1993). In addition to monetary losses, work injuries cause pain and suffering and frequently result in permanent disabilities that impede the normal enjoyment of life. The National Safety Council (1993) estimated that for every dollar of monetary loss accidents lower the quality of life on average by two dollars. With a two-to-one quality-of-life loss ratio the total cost of workplace accidents in 1992 was 347.7 billion, about 5.8 percent of 1992 U.S. GDP. 

The industrial revolution spawned a major safety movement. The result was government laws and regulations aimed at protecting workers. Early in 1900, many new organizations devoted to safety and health were founded. One surviving example is the National Safety Council. There were many others at national, state, regional, and industry levels. Many no longer exist. Another derivative of the industrial revolution is workers compensation, the idea that workers receive compensation for work-related injuries. 

There are some important terms related to consequences. The National Safety Council offers the following definitions. 

Slips and falls may appear to be simple trivial accidents, but they result in thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars in direct and indirect cost [59]. According to statistics compiled by the National Safety Council, falls are the second leading cause of accidental deaths. Over 40% of the dollars spent on workers compensation in the U.S. food service industry are due to the results of slips and falls. Annual expense from slips and falls is about 12,000 per restaurant for an average of 3-4 accidents per year. In 1988, for example, more than 12,000 people died from accidental falls. In public areas such as hotels, motels, and restaurants, slips and falls occur more frequently than any other accidents. Slips and falls can result in serious injuries, especially to the head and back. The floor surface is the single most important factor contributing to slips and falls. The slip-fall relationship between the floor snrface and the floor coating is also an important consideration, as it relates to liability and worker s compensation, especially in the fast food industry, where a floor can be wet or greasy. 

Healthy People 2010 Objectives from the US. Deparunent of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has made the facts available relevant to occupational injuries and illnesses. Every five seconds a worker is injured. Every ten seconds a worker is temporarily or permanently disabled. Each day, an average of 137 persons die from work-related diseases, and an additional 17 die from workplace injuries on the job. Each year, about 70 youths under 18 years of age die from injuries at work and 70,000 require treatment in a hospital anergency room. In 1996, an estimated 11,000 workers were disabled each day due to work-related injuries. That same year, the National Safety Council estimated that on-the-job injuries cost society 121 billion, including lost wages, lost productivity, administrative expenses, health care, and other costs (National Safety Council Injury Facts, 2010). A study published in Jnly 1997 reports that the 1992 combined U.S. economic burden for occupational illnesses and injuries was an estimated 171 billion (U.S. Department of Conunerce, www.commerce.gov, 2001). 

Data from the National Safety Council (NSC) for 2008 indicates that the costs of work-related injuries and deaths were 183.0 billion. Wage and productivity loss accounted for 88.4 billion, medical cost for 38.3 billion, and employer cost equaled 12.7 billion. The average cost of a workplace death was put at 1,310,000 and a disabling injury cost at 48,000. A look at other injury costs provided by the National Safety Council indicates that a reasonable, serious, non-disabling injury would have an average cost of 22,674 (2006-2007) (NSC Injury Fact, 2010). 

Because injuries received from falls in the workplace are such a common occurrence— in a typical year more than 10,000 workers will lose their lives in falls—safety officials need to be aware of not only fall hazards but also the need to institute a fall protection safety program (Kohr, 1989). Just how frequent and serious are accidents related to falls Let s look at a few telling facts about falls in the workplace. The National Safety Council s annual report typically predicts 1400 or more deaths and more than 400,000 disabling injuries to occur each year due to falls. Falls are the leading cause of disabling injuries in the United States, accounting for close to 18% of all workers compensation claims. A Bureau of Labor Statistics 24-state survey reported that 60% of elevated falls were under 10 feet, and 50% of those were under 5 feet (Pater, 1985). The primary causes of falls have been identified as the following (Kohr, 1989) ... 

In general, safety is not something that enployers think of as a cost-saving measure. However, with the National Safety Council noting that there are 3.4 billion work-related injuries aimuaUy with 156.2 billion spent each year on work-related injuries, safety measures to avoid the cost of injuries become a viable budget consideration. Specifically to the question of hand protection, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control cite 1,080,000 hand injuries annually with visits to the emergency room. At the same time, there are 110,000 days annually away firom work due to hand and finger lacerations. 

According to the National Safety Council s Injury Facts in 2008 some 26 million accidental injuries were experienced during that year. This all inclusive figure includes work-related, recreational, and home injuries. Using the Bird ratio, this converts to at least 7 billion near miss incidents or warnings that may have preceded these actual injuries. 

Management should take the time to participate actively in the National Safety Council (NSC), local safety councils, and various trade associations. These groups provide information on all aspects of safety and will help managers and owners with questions relating to safety. These groups also provide current information that is industry or production specific and may give further insight into any problems. 

American National Standards Institute, National Safety Council. Association of Casualty and Surety Companies (1962), American Natiorud Standard method of recording basic facts relating to the nature and occurrence (tf work injuries. (Report reaffirmed 1969. Revision of Z16.2-194I). 

According to a study performed by the National Safety Council of the United States, approximately 31% of all work-related injuries are caused by overexertion [5]. 

Official statistics fortunately show that reported occupational accidents have been on the decrease since several years. The National Safety Council (USA) reports that "between 1912 and 1984, accidental work-related deaths per 100.000 inhabitants decreased by 76 per cent, from 21 to 5. In 1912, an estimated 18.000 to 21.000 workers lives were lost. In 1984, in a work force which had more than doubled in size and which had increased by more than a factor of ten, only 11.500 work-related deaths were reported." (National Safety Council, 1985). This quite satisfying result can be attributed to measures taken in the areas of safety technology, education and law. The problem of occupational accidents - as well as of accidents involving motor vehicles and home accidents - has, however, not become less serious. In the USA today, a fatal accident occurs every 6 minutes,... 

The National Safety Council, in another statistics-related article, stated that the total cost of injuries and illnesses is staggering. The total cost is equal to the combined 1996 profits of the 20 largest corporations in America, stated Gerry Scannell, NSC president. Mr. Scanned, former head of OSHA during President George Bush s administration, stated that companies need to make safety a value in their workplace not only do effective safety programs save lives, they re also good business. ... 

The cost of one work-related fatality averages about 790,000 according to the National Safety Council. The council also reported that the cost of a serious disabling workplace injury averages about 26,000. OSHA feels that the agency needs the partnership of business, labor, and other advocates to help reduce the workplace toll of injuries and illnesses. 

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