National Research Council of the United States

Carotenoids. A preliminary report on nomenclature of the carotenoids, drawn by the Committee on Biochemical Nomenclature of the National Research Council of the United States, was published in 1946 (11). P. Karrer, president of the commission at that time, with this report as a basis, presented a project to the commission (9) containing a few modifications and extensions of the American draft. KarrePs (5) text was discussed at the London conference in 1947 at a meeting held by the joint commissions for nomenclature of organic chemistry and biological chemistry. A few slight modifications were made, and this new text was adopted by the Council of the Union in 1947. It has been published by several periodicals (5) since that time. 

National Research Council of the United States of America, "International Critical Tables of Numerical Data", Vol. V, First ed. McGraw-Hill New York, 1929. 

The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Animal Science have been incorporated in the middle chapters and the Appendix tables. In addition new information, published in recent reviews of nutrient requirements by the National Research Council of the United States, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia has been included. 

The BEIR VII report, published in 2006, is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council of the United States that addresses the effects of exposure to low levels of exposure to ionizing radiation. The report offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject (BEIR V, 1990). In addition to cancer mortality, the BEIR VII committee developed risk estimates for cancer incidence. 

On the corresponding history of the National Research Council in the United States, see Daniel J. Kevles, The Physicists The History of a Scientific Community in Modem America (New York Knopf, 1978), 102-116, esp. lllf. 

This is a contribution from the Bioinorganic Chemistry Group, which was supported by grants from the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the United States National Institutes of Health (AM 17989). 

Northrop and James B, Sumner, His work on virus research resulted in isolation of crystals proving die virus to be proteinaceous. In the 1930s. he was concerned with isolating nucleic acid from crystallized virus, and the reproduction of influenza virus. His doctorate was from the University of Illinois. His many accomplishments included membership in the National Advisory Cancer Council of the United States Public Health Service in the 1950s. 

This study was supported by the Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, a special research centre of the Australian Research Council and the United States of America National Science Foundation international research fellowship program. 

Our thanks are also due to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for their generous support in covering the travel and living expenses of all speakers and of many student participants. We are also indebted to the National Research Council of Italy, the National Science Foundation of the United States, and to the companies in the United States and in Italy for their interest and their support towards the organizational expenses. 

Hull, 1938. Callie Hull, comp. Industrial Research Laboratories of the United States Including Consulting Research Laboratories. 6th edition. Bulletin of the National Research Council, No. 102, December 1938. Washington, D.C. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. 

Feeding standards, which have been instituted nationally, indicate the amount of the essential amino acids (together with other nutrients) for the rational breeding of domestic animals. The feeding standards of the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States and Agricultural Research Council (ARC) of the United Kingdom are well known (the former indicates the minimal amount and the latter shows the recommended amount). 

Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in food and because of the lack of conclusive evidence regarding quantitative needs, a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for pantothenic acid has not been estabUshed. In 1989, the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Research Council suggested a safe intake of 4—7 mg/d for adults. The provisional allowance for infants is 2—3 mg daily (90). 

It is interesting that over the same period in many other regions of the United States and in Europe and Japan, ozone levels did not appear to change as dramatically (National Research Council, 1991 Lindsay et al., 1989 Rao et al., 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996 Zurbenko et al., 1995 Fiore et al., 1998 Oltmans et al., 1998). The major difference in control strategies in California compared to the U.S. federal approach has been an emphasis on both NO, and VOC control, rather than primarily on VOC as has been the case at the federal level. For example, Table 16.3 shows the more stringent control of both NO, and VOC from motor vehicles in California beginning in the mid-1970s. Since 1980, however, VOC emission standards in California have been comparable to the federal standards while the allowed NO, emissions have been smaller by a factor of two or more. 

Although unfortified cow s milk contains only small amounts of vitamin D, milk lends itself well to vitamin D fortification (NAS 1980A). While fortification is optional, approximately 98% of fluid milk marketed in the United States is fortified with vitamin D to obtain standardized amounts of 400 IU or 10 /ig/quart (FDA 1973). Vitamin D fortification of milk has been largely responsible for the virtual elimination of rickets in the United States (AMA 1955 Gallagher and Riggs 1978 DeLuca 1978). Moreover, vitamin D fortification of fluid whole milk, as well as other milk products such as lowfat and skim milks and nonfat dry milk, is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition (1967), and the American Medical Association, with the concurrence of the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council and the Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition of the Institute of Food Technologists... 

The National Academy Press was created by the National Academy of Sciences to publish the reports issued by the Academy and by the National Academy at Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council, all operating under the charter granted to the National Academy of Sciences by the Congress of the United States,... 

We would like to thank the United States Office of Naval Research (Physiology Program Grant No. N00014-77-G-0075) for supporting NRVN and the National Research Council of Canada for the provision of sabbatical leave for SRG. 

Despite extensive use, animal models have not contributed significantly to AIDS research. While monkeys, rabbits, and mice can be infected with HIV, none develops the human AIDS syndrome. Of over 100 chimpanzees infected with HIV over a 10-year period, only two became sick. Because chimpanzees turned out to be poor models for AIDS, and were expensive to maintain, all of the animals were faced with euthanasia (a euphemism for being killed). In 1997, the National Research Council recommended a solution. For all of the chimpanzees housed in research facilities throughout the United States, a breeding moratorium was introduced and specific steps taken toward making long-term care available for the primates. Animal rights supporters applauded the decision on the basis of moral responsibility. 

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