U.S. National Research Council

Regulating Pesticides in Food The De/anej Paradox, Report of Board on Agriculture, Committee on Scientific and Regulatory Issues Underlying Pesticide Use Patterns and Agricultural Innovation, U.S. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1987, 272 pp. 

This work (DUM) is supported in part by COBASE grant of U.S. National Research Council and (GMM and URS) by the Grant of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences (contract No 63-04). Research of (FCK) is supported by NSERC. 

TABLE 4.5. Odor and Human Health-Related Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere (U.S. National Research Council, 1979 ASCE, 1989). 

U.S. National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences (1979) Hydrogen sulfide, report by Committee on Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants, Subcommittee on H2S. 

The U.S. National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering believes that one of the four most fundamental technological and economic challenges for the hydrogen economy is ... 

George Ellery Hale, foreign secretary of the National Academy of Sciences and founding chairman of the U.S. National Research Council, 1918... 

A U. S. National Research Council report concludes that natural and synthetic carcinogens are present in human foods at such low levels that they pose little threat.42 It points out that consuming too many calories as fat, protein, carbohydrates, or ethanol is far more likely to cause cancer than consuming the synthetic or natural chemicals in the diet. However, it also mentions several natural substances linked to increased cancer risk heterocyclic amines formed in the overcooking of meat nitrosoamines, aflatoxins, and other mycotoxins.43 Typical of the heterocyclic amine mutagens are compounds 1.9 and 1.10, the first from fried beef and the second from broiled fish 44... 

Such natural services may be interrupted in other ways. If the chemical or sewage plant upstream puts something toxic into the stream that the water treatment plant of the city downstream cannot remove by standard treatments, a new water supply or a new treatment method will have to be found at increased cost. In earlier years before the toxicity of the polychlorinated biphenyls was fully appreciated, General Electric released enough of them into the Hudson River north of Albany, New York that the whole Hudson River from Hudson Falls to New York City is now a Superfund site.7 Fishermen are advised not to eat the fish that they catch. It is not always easy to calculate the cost of a fishery lost to toxic heavy metal ions or acids draining out of a mine site.8 One settlement, involving a salmon fishery in a river in Idaho, was for 60 million dollars. The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska cost Exxon 3 billion dollars. The persons whose wells become contaminated by leachate from the nearby landfill will face the costs of bringing water from a distance. This was a cost that was not included when the landfill was built. The U. S. National Research Council has recommended that the U. S. Department of Commerce resume development of a method to better measure environmental costs.9... 

Indeed, euphoria has generally been considered a negative side-effect of drugs, and structure-activity-relationship studies have been conducted with an eye to eliminating this "undesirable" trait In reference to well-funded studies on alkaloids of opium and their derivatives, W.C. White, Chairman of a Committee on Drug Addiction of the U.S. National Research Council noted ... 

Metopon was the second new morphine derivative, studied under the auspices of the Committee on Drug Addiction of the U.S. National Research Council, to be introduced clinically (1, 2, 6, 50, 78). Relief of pain occurred quickly after the subcutaneous injection of 2-7 mg. of metopon in man. The analgesia lasted 2-4 hr. and was comparable to that from 15 mg. of morphine. No respiratory or other serious untoward effect was noted. Tolerance is said to develop more slowly with metopon than with morphine and to disappear more quickly, when the metopon is stopped. Physical dependence is said to build up more slowly. (However, direct clinical comparison with morphine is not available from data in the literature.)... 

Proper communication features multiple aetors. The U.S. National Research Council report (Stern and Fineberg 1996) is an important milestone in the reeog-nition of the need for risk decision making as an inclusive multi-actor process. It also was a germinal precursor to the idea of risk governance with its emphasis on... 

U.S. National Research Council (1989) Diet and health implications for reducing chronic disease risk. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC... 

In January 2000, the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) released a report of a panel that was trying to reconcile these views. They concluded that the increase in surface temperature is real. But John M. Wallace, professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington... 

Environmental problems provide numerous examples in ethics and values. Vesilind uses that specialty as the subject for his textbook. Many somces on ethical issues cover specific types of research (i.e bioengineering, genetic engineering, animal research). The U.S. National Research Council (NRC) publishes results in many of these fields. The somces listed in this chapter are offered as a starting point for the creativity found in most engineers. 

U.S. NATIONAL Research Council, Jojoba New Crop for Arid Lands, New Material for Industry, NATIONAL Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1985. 

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