Monocytes, human

Rabbit alveolar macrophages and monocytes, human blood monocytes and granulocytes... 

Au 32,72,90,100 90 34,72,90 Human monocytes Human monocytes Murine melanoma cells Caltabiano et al. 1986b Schmidt and Abdulla 1988 Caltabiano et al. 1986b... 

A new generation of antiinflammatory agents having immunosuppressive activity has been developed. The appearance of preclinical and clinical reports suggest that these are near entry to the pharmaceutical market. For example, tenidap (CP-66,248) (12) has been demonstrated to inhibit IL-1 production from human peripheral blood monocytes in culture (55). Clinically, IL-1 in synovial fluids of arthritic patients was reduced following treatment with tenidap. Patients with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, when treated with tenidap, showed clinical improvement (57,58). In addition to its immunological effects, tenidap also has an antiinflammatory profile similar to the classical NSAIDs (59). Other synthetic inhibitors of IL-1 production are SKF 86002 (20) andE-5110 (21) (55). 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has no cure. HIV infects the cells of the human immune system, such as T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. After a long period of latency and persistent infection, it results in the progressive decline of the immune system, and leads to full-blown AIDS, resulting in death. 

Expression (Human) Tissues Leukocytes, thymus, spleen, liver, ovary Cells PBLs, neutrophils,T-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, leukocytes Tissues spleen, small intestine, placenta, lung smooth muscle, Cells bronchial smooth muscle, CD34+ hemapoietic progenitor cells, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, PBLs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells Tissues, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, brain, lymp node, adrenal medulla, lung, human pumonary/ saphenous vein Cells monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, cardiac muscle, coronary artery, PBLs... 

Fu JY, Masferrer JL, Seibert K et al (1990) The induction and suppression of prostaglandin H2 synthase (cyclooxygenase) in human monocytes. J Biol Chem 265 16737-16740... 

Tissue-Specific Expression. In adult rodents, PPAR.a is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, heart, skeletal muscle, retina, adrenal gland, and pancreas. In adult human, PPARa is expressed in the liver, heart, kidney, large intestine, skeletal muscle (mostly slow-twitch oxidative type I fibers), and in cells of atherosclerotic lesions (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages). Therefore, regardless of... 

Ginsenan S-IIA, a polysaccharide fraction from the roots of P. ginseng is a potent inducer of IL-8 production by human monocytes and THP-1 cells, and this induction is accompanied by increased IL-8 mRNA expression. The polysaccharide appears from the structural feature to be a mixture of arabino-galactan type I and type II, based on the presence of 1,3-, 1,6-, 1,3,6-, 1,4-, and 1,4,6-galactose units as well as terminal arabinose and 1,5-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,5-linked units. It also contains 1,4,6-linked glucose units that together with the 1,2,5-linked arabinose units are different from the units found in other ginseng polysaccharides and may thus be of importance for the activity [64]. 

Cleget, M. Polla, B.S. (1990). Erythrophagocytosis induces heat shock protein synthesis by human monocytes-macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1081-1085. 

Otenhoff, T.H., Kale, A.B., VanEmbden, J.D.A., Thole, J.E.R., Kiessling, R. (1988). The recombinant 65-kD heat shock protein of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guerin/M. tuberculosis is a target molecule for CD4 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes that lyse human monocytes. J. Exp. Med. 168, 1947-1952. 

Poznansky MC, La Vecchio J, Silva-Aiietta S, Porter-Brooks J, Brody K, Olszak IT, Adams GB, Ramstedt U, Marasco WA, Scadden DT (1999) Inhibition of human immunodeficiency vims replication and growth advantage of CD4+ T ceUs and monocytes derived from CD34-I- ceUs transduced with an intracellular antibody directed against human immunodeficiency vims type 1 Tat. Hum Gene Ther 10 2505-2514... 

Comparison of the Fc receptors for IgE on human lymphocytes and monocytes. J Immunol 1982 129 ... 

It is generally accepted (based on clinical and in vitro studies) that mast cells (and basophils), IgE and FceRI are involved in most cases of allergen-induced anaphylaxis in humans. However, it is difficult to define the exact roles and relative importance of mast cells, basophils, and other potential effector cells (e.g monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells) in either IgE-dependent or IgE-independent human anaphylaxis. Unlike in mice, we neither have access to mast cell- or basophil-deficient humans nor can we genetically manipulate human subjects to produce such phenotypes. 

The roles of potential effector cells other than mast cells and basophils (e.g. monocytes/ macrophages, dendritic cells) in IgE-dependent and IgE-independent anaphylaxis in mice and humans remain to be determined. 

Giuhan D, Vaca K, Noonan CA (1990) Secretion of neurotoxins by mononuclear phagocytes infected with HIV-1. Science 250(4987) 1593-1596 Giuhan D, Wendt E, Vaca K, Noonan CA (1993) The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulates release of neurotoxins from monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90(7) 2769-2773... 

Tardieu M, Hery C, Peudenier S, Boespflug O, Montagnier L (1992) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected monocytic cells can destroy human neural cells after cell-to-cell adhesion. Ann Neurol 32(1) 11-17... 

Yeh MW, Kaul M, Zheng J, Nottet HS, Thylin M, Gendelman HE, Lipton SA (2000) Cytokine-stimulated, but not HIV-infected, human monocyte-derived macrophages produce neurotoxic levels of 1 -cysteine. J Immunol 164(8) 4265-4270... 

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