Tissues spleen

Expression (Human) Tissues Leukocytes, thymus, spleen, liver, ovary Cells PBLs, neutrophils,T-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, leukocytes Tissues spleen, small intestine, placenta, lung smooth muscle, Cells bronchial smooth muscle, CD34+ hemapoietic progenitor cells, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, PBLs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells Tissues, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, brain, lymp node, adrenal medulla, lung, human pumonary/ saphenous vein Cells monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, cardiac muscle, coronary artery, PBLs... 

Histamine H4 receptor High expression on bone marrow and peripheral hematopoietic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, DC,T cells, basophils, mast cells Low expression in nerve cells, hepatocytes peripheral tissues, spleen, thymus, lung, small intestine, colon and heart Enhanced Ca +, inhibition of cAMP ... 

Immunotoxicity. No data are available on the immunotoxicity of hexachlorobutadiene in humans following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. Data in animals are limited to intermediate and chronic oral studies which examined histological lesions of lymphoid tissue (spleen or thymus) in mice and rats. These studies did not reveal treatment-related lesions except at lethal doses (Harleman and Seinen 1979 Kociba et al. 1971, 1977a NTP 1991 Schwetz et al. 1977 Yang et al. 1989). Additional studies to evaluate immune function via the oral route would be useful to determine whether this system is susceptible to hexachlorobutadiene toxicity. 

Large numbers of thyroid hormone receptors are found in the most hormone-responsive tissues (pituitary, liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, and intestine), while few receptor sites occur in hormone-unresponsive tissues (spleen, testes). The brain, which lacks an anabolic response to T3, contains an intermediate number of receptors. In congruence with their biologic potencies, the affinity of the receptor site forT4 is about ten times lower than that forT3. Under some conditions,... 

Tissue distribution studies in mice revealed that, 48 h after 200 mg/kg oral administration of JM216, platinum levels were the highest in the liver (6-19 pg Pt/g tissue) and kidney (2.8-12 pg Pt/g tissue). This is 5 times higher than that which has been reported after equivalent doses of cisplatin. All other tissues (spleen, heart, lung) had levels <3.1 pg Pt/g tissue. In the liver a time course of platinum levels showed that the Cmax were reached by 2 hpost administration [22], Following administration of 200 mg/kg JM216 orally (in oil or in saline) 8% of platinum was eliminated in urine over 72 h and 66% was present in the faeces after 72 h. 

Changes in leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count (Den Tonkelaar et al. 1983) may suggest pathological changes in lymphatic tissue, spleen, and thymus. Based on the limited human and animal data, the potential for DNOC to cause immunological effects in humans cannot be ruled out. 

A new histamine receptor, the H4 subtype, was fint reported in 2000 and characterized as a 390-amino acid. G,-coupled protein with 40% identity to the H3 receptor. " This new receptor exhibits a very restricted localization expression is primarily found in intestinal tissue, spleen, thymus, and immune active cells, such as T cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils, which sugge.sts an important role for Hi receptors in the regulation of immune function. 

Peak radioactivity concentrations in the tissues occurred 16 hours after food consumption. The maximum concentrations of " C-activity equivalent to a value of 0.08% of the dose were present after 8 hours in the rat blood. In the companion study, male Swiss albino mice (CD-I) were given a single oral dose of 0.5 g (4 Ci) C-labeled grana cheese. The highest concentrations of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, adipose tissue, spleen, testes, brain, and muscle occurred 4 hours after administration. The maximum concentrations of " C-activity equivalent to a value of 0.03% of the dose were present after 2 hours in the blood of mice. 

Substantial amoimts of 1(3)-AG, which is also known to activate the cannabinoid receptors, always coexist with 2-AG. The levels of 1(3)-AG were 1.39 nmol/g tissue (brain), 0.55 mnol/g tissue (liver), 0.63 nmol/g tissue (spleen), 0.59 nmol/g tissue (lung), 0.48 nmol/g tissue (kidney), and 0.004 mnol/ml (plasma) (Kondo, S., Kondo, H., et al., 1998). Presumably, 1(3)-AG was mainly formed from 2-AG through nonenzymatic acyl migration the l(3)-acyl isomer is more stable than the 2-acyl isomer in aqueous solution. 

The enzyme has been demonstrated in the foliowdng rat tissues Spleen, liver, testis, kidney, lung duodenum, jejunum, epididymus adrenals, heart, skin, pancreas, brain, and skeletal muscle (Conchie c< of., 1959a Findlay et al., 1958 Roseman and Dorfman, 1951 Weissman d oi., 1967). 

---