Bacillus calmette-Guerin BCG

Dead or live bacteria may be effective to stimulate inflammatory reactions of phagocytic cells against tumor cells. The best-characterized treatment is the use of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) in the case of bladder cancer where activation of the immune response is capable of controlling tumor growth. 

Examples of attenuated vaccines are Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for immunization against tuberculosis, Sabin vaccine for poliomyelitis, attenuated Paramyxovirus parotitidus against mumps, and attenuated measles virus against measles. 

Live, attenuated bacteria, e.g. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) used to immunize against tuberculosis. 

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and its active component, muramyl dipeptide, have been shown to have aspecific immunostimulant activity. It is mainly used for the local treatment of bladder cancer. It binds to fibronectine in the bladder epithelium. Hypersensitivity reactions and immune complex disease are its major adverse reactions. 

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a viable attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. Nonviable strains of the bacterium also have been shown to augment the immune response. The smallest active compound derived from BCG thus far has been identified as muramyl dipeptide. The T cell is a principal target for BCG. It also appears to stimulate natural killer cells, which in turn can kill malignant cells. It has been suggested that BCG cross-reacts immunologically with tumor cell antigens. 

Lou, Y., Olson, W.P, Tian, X., Klegerman, M., and Groves, M.J. (1995). Interaction between fibronectin-bearing surfaces and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or gelatin microparticles. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 47, 177-181. 

Nyberg P, Klockars M. 1994. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and immunoglobulins synergistically enhance mineral dust-induced production of reactive oxygen metabolites by human monocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 97 334-337. 

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) An attenuated strain of bovine tubercle bacillus, is available from Glaxo or from outdated hospital supplies as a lyophilized powder. Before use, it is suspended in sterile disdlled water. 

Jurincic-Winkler C, Metz KA, Beuth J, Sippel J, Klippel KF. Effect of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation on carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Anticancer Res 1995 15(6B) 2771-6. 

Tuberculosis can be prevented by using the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine, a weakened form of the tuberculosis bacterium that does not cause a tuberculosis infection. The vaccine enables the immune system to create antibodies for tuberculosis bacterium. 

The booster effect occurs in patients who do not respond to an initial skin test but show a positive reaction if retested about a week later. Patients with past M. tuberculosis infection and some patients with past immunization with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine or past infection with other mycobacteria may boost with a second skin test. Individuals who require periodic skin testing, such as health care workers, should receive a two-stage test initially. Once they are shown to be skin-test-negative, any positive skin test later shows recent infection, and this requires treatment. 

Of perhaps special interest are Micobacterium tuberculosis toxins, for which a vaccine has been developed known by the name Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), derived from Microbacterium bovis. 

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) BCG is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and superficial transitional cell carcinoma. 

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine This BCG vaccine (0.1 mL intradermally) is indicated in conditions where an individual has been exposed to tuberculosis, where immunity is not permanent. 

A stilbene polymer (Gn-3) isolated from Gnetum parvifolium inhibited the development of liver injury in mice caused by CCl4j N-acetyl-P-aminophenol (APAP) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 50 mg-kg d 1 sc administered for 3 d thus Gn-3 was found to have liver protective effects [74]... 

Live bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG TICE BCG, theracys) is an attenuated culture of the bacillus of Calmette and Guerin strain o/Mycobacterium bovis, which induces a granulomatous reaction at the site of administration. By unclear mechanisms, this preparation is active against tumors and is indicated for treatment and prophylaxis of carcinoma in situ of the u rinary bladder and for prophylaxis of primary and recurrent stage Ta and/or T1 papillary tumors after transurethral resection. Adverse effects include hypersensitivity, shock, chills, fever, malaise, and immune complex disease. 

The inhibitory effect seen on treatment prior to tumor implantation is similar to that observed for agents which non-specifically stimulate host resistance, such as yeast, plant polysaccharides or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Pharmocological evaluation of E/MA fractions of MW 1200-30000 in dogs showed them to possess toxicity that precluded clinical trial. 

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