Effector B cells

Keywords Antibodies B cells Effector memory T cells Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) Immune privileged Regulatory T cells Stat4 Stat6 T-Bet... 

Eollicular and MZ long-lived compartments participate differentially in B-cell effector functions such as the germinal-... 

While the demonstration that the immune suppression by a given chemical is mediated by a metabolite, and not the parent compound, is an important observation, it does not in itself account for the mechanism of action. One indirect mechanism of action, which is consistent with a role for metabolism, involves a primary consequence of the generation of many reactive intermediates, that is, liver damage. Among many different types of adaptive responses, the liver is capable of secreting a number of soluble factors. Some of these soluble factors are capable of affecting immune responses. Most notably, as pointed out in Table 1, TGF- S is capable of modulating both T- and B-cell effector... 

Helper T cells (CD4+) are the great communicators of the immune response. Once activated, they proliferate and secrete cytokines that regulate effector cell function. Some helper T cells secrete cytokines that recruit cytotoxic T cells, B cells, or APCs, whereas others secrete cytokines that turn off the immune response once an antigen has been destroyed. 

Kim CH, Broxmeyer HE. Chemokines signal lamps for trafficking of T and B cells for development and effector function. J Leukoc Biol 1999 65 6-15. 

Lymphocytes, the effector cells of the acquired immune system, include morphologically indistinguishable T and B cells, the former divided into CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Since the functions of those cell subsets differ so drastically, it became important to develop tools to distinguish them from each other. Efforts to identify cell subsets according to their expression of different surface antigens have been successful, including various Cluster of Determination (CD) markers (Table 23.1). In addition, cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies, and subsequently developed species-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies towards the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been used to label cells in circulation and in tissue sections (Table 23.1). 

Lymphocyte-activating factor enhances activation of T and B cells, NK cells, and macrophages T-cell growth factor stimulates T-cell growth and effector differentiation stimulates B-cell proliferation/differentiation Mast-cell growth factor stimulates... 

Harjunpaa, A., Junnikkala, S., and Meri, S., Rituximab (anti-CD20) therapy of B-cell lymphomas direct complement killing is superior to cellular effector mechanisms, Scand.. Immunol., 51, 635-641, 2000. 

---