Saphenous vein

Fig. 5. In coronary bypass, an autologous saphenous vein is used to provide critical blood to the heart muscle, bypassing a blockage in the coronary artery.

A broad-based cardiomyoplasty market should emerge by the late 1990s. Successhil development of a small-diameter graft to use in coronary bypass surgery instead of the patient s saphenous vein or mammary artery seems likely to occur by the year 2000. Development of appropriate materials and manufacturing methods are needed to maintain patency without damaging blood in grafts below 4 mm in diameter. 

Doridosine. Doridosine, AJ -methyhsoguanosine, (35) was isolated from the dorid nudibranchs of Anisodoris nobilis and the sponge, Tedania (106,107). The injection of (35) into the saphenous vein of anesthetized rats produces hypotension and bradycardia almost immediately. The observed changes in the electrocardiograms are minor and indicate Httie interference with conduction of the impulse within the heart (see Cardiovascularagents). 

Sites of endothelin-receptor expression. ETA receptors are expressed in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular medial layer and the airways, in cardiac myocytes, lung parenchyma, bronchiolar epithelial cells and prostate epithelial cells. ETB receptors are expressed in endothelial cells, in bronchiolar smooth muscle cells, vascular smooth muscle cells of certain vessels (e.g. saphenous vein, internal mammary artety), in the renal proximal and distal tubule, the renal collecting duct and in the cells of the atrioventricular conducting system. 

Expression (Human) Tissues Leukocytes, thymus, spleen, liver, ovary Cells PBLs, neutrophils,T-cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, eosinophils, macrophages, leukocytes Tissues spleen, small intestine, placenta, lung smooth muscle, Cells bronchial smooth muscle, CD34+ hemapoietic progenitor cells, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, PBLs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells Tissues, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, brain, lymp node, adrenal medulla, lung, human pumonary/ saphenous vein Cells monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, cardiac muscle, coronary artery, PBLs... 

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery Thoracic surgery whereby parts of a saphenous vein from a leg or internal mammary artery from the arm are placed as conduits to restore blood flow between the aorta and one or more coronary arteries to bypass the coronary artery stenosis (occlusion). 

Quercetin and rutin suppressed photosensitized hemolysis of human erythrocytes with ho values equal to 40 p.mol l-1 and 150 jjlmt>I I 1, respectively [139]. Suppression of photohemolysis was accompanied by inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Morin inhibited oxygen radical-mediated damage induced by superoxide or peroxyl radicals to the human cells in the cardiovascular system, erythrocytes, ventricular myocytes, and saphenous vein endothelial cells [140]. Rutin protected against hemoglobin oxidation inside erythrocytes stimulated by prooxidant primaquine [141],... 

Bohyn, M., Berkenboom, G., Fontaine, J., Effect of nitrate tolerance and dipyridamole on the response to SINj in human isolated saphenous vein. Cardiovasc. Drugs. Then 5 (1991), p. 457-462... 

The accumulation of apo(a) in the aorta wall and in saphenous vein bypass grafts in relation to Lp(a) levels was recently demonstrated (C14, R3). Subsequently, the preferential deposition of extracellular apo(a) in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic and coronary artery tissue, in conjunction with the intracellular localization of apo(a) in macrophage-derived foam cells, has been the focus of a number of studies (N6, P7, S34, S35, W17). These careful studies also demonstrated the avid binding of Lp(a) to extracellular matrix components and the colocalization of fibrin and apo(a) in atheromatous lesions (N8, W16). 

Krasner, L.J., Wendling, W.W., Cooper, S.C., Chen, D., Heilmann, S.K., Eldridge, C.J., McClurken, J.B., Jeevanandam, V., and Carlsson, C., Direct effects of triiodothyronine on human internal mammary artery and saphenous veins,. Cardiothorac. Vase. Anesth., 11, 463-466,1997. 

Figure 26. Reconstruction of the tunica intima on the inner surface of a clinically used polyethylene terephtalate vascular prosthesis. A non-modified inner surface of the prosthesis, B immobilization of defined assemblies of protein molecules (e.g., collagenfiarninin or collagen+fibrin) on the inner surface of the graft, C immunofluorescence of von Willebrand factor, a marker of the identity a differentiation of vascular endothelial cells, in human saphenous vein endothelial cells in cultures on the inner surface of a prosthesis coated with collagen and larninin, D detail of a layer of endothelial cells growing on a layer of collagen and fibrin. Note well developed talin-containing focal adhesion plaques. A, B conventional optical microscope, C, D confocal microscope Leica DM 2500 [30,31].

Favalaro RG. Saphenous vein graft in the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease operative technique. J Thorac Cariovasc Surg 1969 58 178. 

The first series of femoro-popliteal shunts, including 15 patients suffering a severe lower limb arterite (level III, even IV) and for whom the saphenous vein could not be used, was reported by Campbell in 1976 [20] the patency rate at 8 months was 87%. These ePTFE prostheses made surgeons very enthusiastic and at least one of them, Veith [21], argued in their favour through an impressive... 

F. J. Veith, S.K. Gupta, E. Ascer, S. White-Flores, R.H. Samson, L.A. Scher, J.B. Town, V.M. Bernard, P. Bonier, W.R. Flinn, P. Astelford, J.S.T. Yao, J.J. Bergan, Six-year prospective multicenter randomized comparison of autologous saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts In Infraingulnal arterial reconstructions, J. Vase. Surg. 3(1) (1986) 104-114. 

HemA, SmithAJ, SolbergP (1998) Saphenous vein puncture for blood sampling of the mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, ferret and mink. Lab Anim 32(4) 364-368... 

Unlabeled Uses Graft patency (saphenous vein), mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, noncardioembolic stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention... 

The experiments have been performed on a setup that used the ps-OPO-based CARS system described above and a femtosecond Tiisapphire laser in conjunction with a commercial laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, model LSM-510). The peripheral nerve samples were gained from C57/B6 wild-type mice. After removing the skin from the lower extremities from freshly sacrificed mice, the saphenous nerve is exposed as it runs very conveniently for excision along the saphenous vein, without too much additional fatty tissue and a favorable tissue thickness of less than 20 m. A 500- m long piece is excised and freed from additional fatty tissue as well as the collagenous nerve sheath. The myelinated nerve tissue is fixed for 3-5 hr in 4% PEA or 10% formalin and mounted on 100-pm thick coverslips that are treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or a chromium potassium sulfate solution. After... 

As far as man is concerned, a presynaptic inhibition of the noradrenaline release by H3 receptors was only studied in the isolated human saphenous vein In this tissue, these receptors, similarly to a2-adrenoceptors, decrease the 3H-noradrenaline overflow elicited by electrical field stimulation (Molderings et al., 1992). Therefore, the role of histamine H3-receptors in the global control of the blood pressure in humans cannot be stated at present. 

Molderings, G.J., Weiflenborn, G., Schlicker, E., Likungu, J., Gothert, M., 1992. Inhibition of noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nerves of the human saphenous vein by presynaptic histamine H3 receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Arch. Pharmacol. 346, 46-50. 

BrdU (5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan), and was dissolved in saline with 0.007 N NaOH at a concentration of up to 10 mg/ml. BrdU was intravenously injected in the saphenous vein as each injection was at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The neonatal monkey received two injections one on the day of birth, and one on PI4. Of the 28 adult monkeys, 22 received 5 injections on five consecutive days, and were sacrificed on various periods after the last BrdU injection. Based on these periods, two monkey groups emerged a group with short-term survival after BrdU, the monkeys within which... 

Choose method and schedule for blood collection. Common survival blood collection methods for metabolic profiling are tail-nick, tail snip, saphenous vein, submandibular (cheek), and retroorbital bleeding. With the tail nick or tail snip blood collection methods, 75 pi samples of blood can be collected up to four times in a 1-day experiment, not exceeding a total of 250 pi, and are used as default blood collection procedures. This usually provides up to 30 pi serum samples and is sufficient to measure glucose, insulin, and other metabolic markers. In some cases, larger... 

Retroorbital bleeding can cause blindness in animals and is increasingly discouraged by animal welfare committees. However, alternatives such as saphenous vein blood collection are cumbersome. Submandibular vein blood collection is rapid but causes glucose values to increase. 

Fig. 20.5. Femoral nerve dissection. The motor and sensory branches of the femoral nerve are exposed. The mouse is supine and the right hip is shown (forceps are retracting the abdominal wall, A, P, M, L are anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral respectively, H is hamstring muscles). Some adipose tissue has been removed for clarity. The motor branch of the femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps (Q). The sensory branch becomes the saphenous nerve, which runs adjacent to the saphenous vein (Saph) on the medial side of the thigh. Dissecting the nerve where the tick marks provides a reasonable length of nerve to work with. Note the sensory branch sometimes runs as two fascicles and both should be taken to get reproducible counts. The scale bar is 2 mm. (Color figure is available online).

Silva JA, White CJ, Collins TJ, et al. Morphologic comparison of atherosclerotic lesions in native coronary arteries and saphenous vein grafts with intracoronary angioscopy in patients with unstable angina. Am Heart J 1998 136 156-163. 

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