Human milk

Milk, human Extract with potassium oxalate, ethanol/diethyl GC-ECD 1 g/kg No data Eyster etal. 1983... 

Comparison of Aluminum Levels ( g/L) in Breast Milk, Humanized Infant Formulae, and in Special Purpose Infant Formulae... 

Riss A, Hagenmaier H, Weberruss U, et al. 1990. Comparison of PCDD/PCDF levels in soil, grass, cow s milk, human blood and spruce needles in an areas of PCDD/PCDF contamination through emissions from a metal reclamation plant. Chemosphere 21(12) 1451-1456. 

Human milk Human milk Human milk Human milk and infant formula Milk... 

Bermejo Barrera et al. determined Si [72] and V [73] in infant formulas, human milk and cow s milk. As for Si, the highest levels were found in the infant formulas, while no significant differences were observed between human and cow s milk. Human milk exhibited the highest V levels. The concentration range was reported to be very narrow for these samples. 

Several publications have addressed multielemental analysis in milk whey, cow s milk, human milk and infant formulas using SF-ICP-MS (see Table 13.9). Rivero Martino et al. [96] reported the multielemental analysis of a wide range of elements in human, cow s, and formula milk whey samples. Milk whey was obtained by centrifugation and then diluted 1 4 (v/v) with milliQ water for minor and trace elemental analysis (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn) and 1 1999 (v/v) for major elements (Ca, Mg, and Na). Gallium, Rh,... 

N. Campillo, P. Vinas, I. Lopez-Garcia, M. Hemandez-Cordoba, Direct determination of copper and zinc in cow milk, human milk and infant formula samples using ETAAS, Talanta, 46 (1998), 615-622. 

Hallgren, B., Niklasson, A., Stallberg, G., Thorin, H. 1974. On the occurrence of 1-O-alkylgly-cerols and l-0-(2-methoxyalkyl)glycerols in human colostrum, human milk, cow s milk, sheep s milk, human red bone marrow, red cells, blood plasma and a uterine carcinoma. 

Cows milk LPL has phospholipase Ai activity (Scow and Egelrud, 1976), but its action on milk phospholipids has not been recorded. Freshly secreted goats milk has been shown to have phospholipase A activity (Long and Patton, 1978) but it is not known whether this can be attributed to the LPL of that milk. Human milk contains an acid sphingomylinase C, as well as ceramidase activity provided by the bile salt-stimulated lipase present (Nyberg et al., 1998). 

Nil Enzymatic Colorimetry-manual, automatic Fluorimetry Milk Human milk Koops et al. (1990) Christmass et al. (1998)... 

Infant formulas are supplemented with Mn and other trace elements in the form of inorganic salts. Whether these supplemented minerals have different bioavailabilities from their counterparts found naturally in human milk or bovine milk has not been extensively investigated. Chan and associates previously reported that Mn was bound to different molecules in human milk, bovine milk and infant formula (12). Inadequate or excessive intake of Mn has severe effects especially during infancy (1,13). It is therefore important to evaluate the bioavailability of Mn in different milk diets. To achieve this aim, suckling rats and everted intestinal sacs derived from these animals were used as systems to study the absorption of Mn from rat milk, human milk, bovine milk and infant formula. Effect of age on Mn absorption in suckling rat pups from various milk diets was also investigated. Some of the data presented in this article have been reported previously (14-17). 

Milk. Human breast milk was obtained from volunteers and fresh raw bovine milk was obtained from local farms. Raw milk was used instead of pasteurized milk in order to preserve the Mn binding ligands in their natural form. The infant formula used was regular Similac (Ross Laboratories). Fresh rat milk was obtained from lactating female rats 8-12 days after parturition as described previously (17). 

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