Cows milk

Uses of lactose production by appHcation include baby and infant formulations (30%), human food (30%), pharmaceuticals (25%), and fermentation and animal feed (15%) (39). It is used as a diluent in tablets and capsules to correct the balance between carbohydrate and proteins in cow-milk-based breast milk replacers, and to increase osmotic property or viscosity without adding excessive sweetness. It has also been used as a carrier for flavorings. 

Two other practical appHcations of en2yme technology used in dairy industry are the modification of proteins with proteases to reduce possible allergens in cow milk products fed to infants, and the hydrolysis of milk with Hpases for the development of Hpolytic flavors in speciaHty cheeses. 

Orotic acid (971) has a chequered history. It was isolated in 1905 from the whey of cows milk in Italy and it was subsequently synthesized in the United States in 1907. However, the workers involved were discouraged by some difference in melting points and no direct comparison of specimens was ever made. To make matters worse, the same laboratories prepared the isomeric 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-l,2-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid and announced it as orotic acid, again without any direct comparison. Only in 1930 did a German worker actually compare directly natural and the original synthetic orotic acid, thereby showing them to be identical (30CB1000). 

Amino acid Cellulomonas Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillium notatum SCP (BP) Egg Cow milk... 

Bound glutamates in proteins are very common in food. Human breast milk contains ten times as much as cows milk, and tomato juice contains four times as much as breast milk. However, free glutamate, as found in soy sauce or prepared foods, enters the bloodstream much faster than the glutamates bound in proteins, which are released slowly during digestion. 

KLEMOLA T, VANTO T, JUNTUNEN-BACKMAN K, KALIMO K, KORPELA R and VARJONEN E (2002) Allergy to soy formula and to extensively hydrolyzed whey formula in infants with cows milk allergy a prospective, randomized study with a follow-up to the age of 2 yesas,. . 1 Pediatr. 140 (2) 219-24. 

This paper reports data obtained following feeding of DDT-dusted alfalfa hay to Holstein dairy cows. Milk, blood, and tissues were analyzed for their DDT content during two different years of feeding of the DDT-dusted hay. 

In a puzzling phenomenon, the insecticide did not stay where it was sprayed. In the five years between DDT s release for civilian use in 1945 and 1950, DDT used against flies in cow barns reappeared in cows milk. DDT was linked to fish-eating birds of prey that produced fewer or no young. Princeton, New Jersey, used 4.5 pounds of DDT per Dutch elm tree per year, and scientists found DDT in the tissue of dead birds and a nestling survival rate of only 44 percent. 

At the same time, the public s faith in science and technology was eroding. Radioactive fallout from atomic bomb tests was poisoning cows milk, and the thalidomide antinausea medicine prescribed to pregnant women in Europe had caused severe birth defects in 8000 children. Above all, the enormous growth of the chemical industry and pollution after World War II put public pressure on Congress to clean up the nation s air and water. 

Of the mammalian enzymes, the sulphite oxidase of bovine liver has only recently been discovered to contain molybdenum (15). The better known molybdenum enzymes, xanthine oxidase from cows milk (31) and aldehyde oxidase from rabbit liver (16) are closely related to one another as they are to the xanthine dehydrogenases from chicken liver (17) and from bacteria (18). 

Voillequ , P. G. and Pelletier, C. A. (1974). Comparison of external irradiation and consumption of cows milk as critical pathways for 137Cs, MMn and 144Ce-144Pr released to the atmosphere, Health Phys. 27, 189. 

R.M. Pemberton, J.P Hart, P Stoddard, and J.A. Foulkes, A comparison of 1-naphthyl phosphate and 4 aminophenyl phosphate as enzyme substrates for use with a screen-printed amperometric immunosensor for progesterone in cows milk. Biosens. Bioelectron. 14, 495-503 (1999). 

Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are associated with intestinal infection. The organisms have been isolated from a variety of food sources, including raw goat and cow milk. 

Vila, L., Beyer, K., Jarvinen, K.M., Chatchatee, P., Bardina, L. and Sampson, H.A., Role of conformational and linear epitopes in the achievement of tolerance in cows milk allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 31, 1599, 2001. 

Knippels, L.M.J., van der Kleij, H.P.M., Koppelman, S.J., Houben, G.F., Penninks, A.H., Felius, A.A., Comparison of antibody responses to hens egg and cows milk proteins in orally sensitized rats and food-allergic patients. Allergy, 55, 251, 2000. 

K9. Kunstadter, R. H., and Schultz, A., Gastrointestinal allergy and the coeliac syndrome, with particular reference to allergy of cows milk. Ann. Allergy 11, 426-434 (1953). 

Fresh cows milk contains an enzyme which very greatly accelerates the reduction by aldehyde of methylene blue to its leuco-compound. This reduction does not show itself if the enzyme is absent. Two H-... 

Although dairy interests continue to advertise milk as the perfect1 or bear perfect food, the fact remains that cows milk is not a very good source of B vitamins in terms of percent composition by weight. After all, milk solids constitute only 12-13% of fluid milk and that means a rather large intake ratio of water to solids (about 7/1)> not exactly ideal for obtaining trace nutrients such as the B vitamins. 

When an analyte is fluorescent, direct fluorometric detection is possible by means of a spectrofluorometer operating at appropriate excitation and observation wavelengths. This is the case for aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. in crude oils), proteins (e.g. in blood serum, in cow milk), some drugs (e.g. morphine), chlorophylls, etc. Numerous fields of applications have been reported analysis of air and water pollutants, oils, foods, drugs monitoring of industrial processes monitoring of species of clinical relevance criminology etc. 

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