Oligosaccharides, Human milk

Chaturvedi, P., Warren, C. D., Altaye, M., Morrow, A. L., Ruiz-Palacios, G. M., Pickering, L. K., and Newburg, D. S. (2001). Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides vary between individuals and over the course of lactation. Glycobiology 11,365-372. 

Coppa, G. V., Zampini, L., Galeazzi, T., Facinelli, B., Ferrante, L., Capretti, R., and Orazio, G. (2006). Human milk oligosaccharides inhibit the adhesion to Caco-2 cells of diarrheal pathogens Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Salmonella fyris. Pediatr. Res. 59, 377-382. 

Pfenninger, A. Karas, M. Finke, B. Stahl, B. Stractural Analysis of Un-derivatized Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Negative Ion Mode by Nano-ESl MS (Part 1 Methodology). J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 1331-1340. 

Engfer, M. B., Stahl, B., Finke, B., Sawatzki, G., and Daniel, H. (2000). Human milk oligosaccharides are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Am. ]. Clin. Nutr. 71,1589-1596. 

Newburg, D. S. (2000). Are all human milks created equal Variation in human milk oligosaccharides. /. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 30,131-133. 

Bahr, U., and Karas, M. (1999). Differentiation of isobaric peptides and human milk oligosaccharides by exact mass measurements using electrospray ionization orthogonal time-of-flight analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 1052-1058. 

A. Pfenninger, M. Karas, B. Finke, and B. Stahl, Structural analysis of underivatized neutral human milk oligosaccharides in the negative ion mode by nano-electrospray MSn (Part 2 Application to isomeric mixtures), J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 13 (2002) 1341-1348. 

Sialic-acid-containing human milk oligosaccharides... 

Wada, J., Ando, T., Kiyohara, M., Ashida, H., Kitaoka, M., Yamaguchi, M., Kumagai, H., Katayama, T., and Yamamoto, K. 2008. Lacto-A-biosidase (LnbBF) fromBifidobacterium bifidum, a critical enzyme for degradation of human milk oligosaccharides with type-1 structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74 3996 004. 

Priem B, Gilbert M, Wakarchuk WW, Heyraud A, Samain E. A new fermentation process allows large-scale production of human milk oligosaccharides by metabohcaUy engineered bacteria. Glycobiology 2002 12 235-240. 

Geisser A, Hendrich T, Boehm G, Stahl B. Separation of lactose from human milk oligosaccharides with simulated moving bed chromatography. J Chro-matogr A 2005 1092 17-23. 

HPLC analysis of oligosaccharides from animal tissues or body fluids has been used to determine their molecular weight distribution. The majority of complex oligosaccharide separations has been carried out using chemically bonded amine columns which separate molecules on the basis of chain length, although reversed phase HPLC has been used to separate human milk oligosaccharides (Dua and Bush, 1983). 

Dua, V.K. Bush, C.A. Identification and fractionation of human milk oligosaccharides by proton-nuclear magnetic 24. resonance spectroscopy and reverse-phase high-performance... 

Thurl, S., Munzert, M., Henker, J., Boehm, G., Muller-Werner, B., Jelinek, J., and Stahl, B. 2010. Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods. Br. J. Nutr. 104 1261-71. 

In order to study further the usefulness of active-latent glycosylation strategy, we chose the synthesis of Lewis pentasaccharide which is widely distributed in many different human and animal tissues, and also in human milk oligosaccharides. 

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