Dibenzofurans, human breast milk

Schecter, A., Furst, P., Furst, C., Meemken, H.A., Groebel, W., Constable, D., 1989a. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans, dibenzodioxins, PCBs, DDT and DDE, hexachloro-benzene, dieldrin, hexachlorocyclohexanes and oxychlordane in human breast milk from the United States, Thailand, Vietnam, and Germany. Chemosphere 18, 445-454. 

Schecter A, Gasiewicz TA. 1987b. Human breast milk levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans ... 

Schecter A, Ryan JJ, Constable JD. 1987b. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran levels in human breast milk from Vietnam compared with cow s milk and human breast milk from the North American continent. Chemosphere 16 2003-2016. 

Human Breast Milk Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Significance with Respect to Current Risk Assessments... 

SCHECTER GASIEWICZ Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Human Breast Milk 163... 

Breast-milk monitoring WHO has conducted global surveys of dioxins, dibenzofurans, dioxin-like PCBs in human milk. Fourth UNEP/WHO protocol includes analysis of at least 50 individual samples of breast milk in each participating country (WHO 2005). 

Nakamura, H., Matsuda, M., Quynh, H.T., Cau, H.D., Chi, H.T.K., Wakimoto, T., 1994. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs, DDTs and HCHs in human adipose tissue and breast milk from the south of Vietnam. Organohalo. Compd. 21, 71-76. 

Patterson DG Jr, Turner WE, Isaacs SG, et al. 1990. A method performance evaluation and lessons learned after analyzing more than 5,000 human adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk samples for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Chemosphere 20 829-863. 

Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans have been identified in technical products and pesticides, most of which are not very widely used today. Other sources are incinerators of various types like MSW incinera-" tors, but also hazardous waste incinerators and industrial incinerators. PCDDs and PCDFs have also been identified in exhausts from cars running on leaded gasoline with halogenated additives. Background levels of PCDDs and PCDFs have been identified in fish and other aquatic organisms from the Great Lakes and the Baltic Sea, and also in human adipose tissue samples from USA, Canada, Sweden, Japan and Vietnam as well as in samples of breast milk from Sweden,... 

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