Human milk oligosaccharides structure

A. Pfenninger, M. Karas, B. Finke, and B. Stahl, Structural analysis of underivatized neutral human milk oligosaccharides in the negative ion mode by nano-electrospray MSn (Part 2 Application to isomeric mixtures), J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 13 (2002) 1341-1348. 

Wada, J., Ando, T., Kiyohara, M., Ashida, H., Kitaoka, M., Yamaguchi, M., Kumagai, H., Katayama, T., and Yamamoto, K. 2008. Lacto-A-biosidase (LnbBF) fromBifidobacterium bifidum, a critical enzyme for degradation of human milk oligosaccharides with type-1 structure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74 3996 004. 

Wada J, Ando T, Kiyohara M, et al. Bifidobacterium bifidum lacto-N-biosidase, a critical enzyme for the degradation of human milk oligosaccharides with a type 1 structure. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 74(13) 3996—4004. 

Pfenninger, A. Karas, M. Finke, B. Stahl, B. Structural Analysis of Underi-vatized Neutral Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Negative Ion Mode hy... 

Bode, L. (2006). Recent Advances on structure, metabolism, and function of human milk oligosaccharides. Journal of Nutrition, 136,2127-2130. 

In a study completed during the early development of f.a.b.-m.s., both f.d. and f.a.b. were used to characterize 101 fractions containing neutral oligosaccharides isolated from human milk. Samples were examined as their peracetylated alditols. In subsequent work, the structures of two minor acidic oligosaccharides from human milk were investigated. The per-methylated derivatives were analyzed by f.a.b.-m.s., and their compositions and sequences were defined by the f.a.b. data. Methylation analysis and partial formolysis were the other principal methods used. 

Kunz, C., Rudloff, S., Baier, W., Klein, N., and Strobel, S. (2000). Oligosaccharides in human milk Structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 20, 699-722. 

The presence of three separate, fucosyltransferase activities in human milk was confirmed, and their pH optima and substrate requirements were defined by use of simple oligosaccharides of known structure.235 It was demonstrated that increased affinity for each of... 

Five glycosidically linked oligosaccharides have been isolated from human-milk IgA. Their structures have been elucidated222 as /3-Gal-(1 -> 3)-GalNAc-ol, a-NeuAc-(2 -> 3)-/3-GaI-(l -> 3)-GalNAc-ol, /3-Gal-(1 -> 3)-[j8-GlcNAc-(l -> 6)]-GalNAc-ol, and /3-Gal-(l 3)-[/3-... 

Fig. 2. Some major xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOs) released from xyloglucan by the action of cellulase. 2 -Fucosyllactose (Fuc-Lac) is not a component of xyloglucan but is a structurally related trisaccharide found in human milk.

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