Human milk glycans

Morrow, A. L., Ruiz-Palados, G. M., Jiang, X., and Newburg, D. S. (2005). Human-milk glycans that inhibit pathogen binding protect breast-feeding infants against infectious diarrhea. /. Nutr. 135,1304—1307. 

Natural (SGM) 140 Human milk glycans (HMGs) Natu ral Amine-NHS Anti-TRA mAbs, viruses (42)... 

Fig. 17. MALDI-TOFMS of O-glycans enriched by a standard glycoblotting protocol using ammonium carbamate from human-milk OPN. Numbers represent the peaks attributable to O-glycans labeled with benzyloxyamine (BOA), and an asterisk indicates the internal standard. The glycan compositions listed in Table I were estimated from measured masses of the glycans by use of the GlycoSuite database. This figure is adapted from ref. 96.

Composition of BOA-Labeled O-Glycans of Human-Milk Osteopontin in Fig. 17... 

Compound (19) has been isolated from human milk and compound (20), a core glycoheptaose of "bisected complex glycans of a glycoprotein, has been synthesised. ... 

Applications of fast atom bombardment (FAB)-m.s. and laser desorption-m.s. in the analysis of complex human milk oligosaccharides, phosphoinositol-linked glycans from surface glycoproteins, and high molecular weight glycosphingolipids (with up to 40 sugar residues) present in rabbit erythrocyte membranes, have been reviewed (45 refs.). ... 

Early work with neutral and acidic fucosylated lactose polymers with molecular weights of up to 8000 from human milk indicated that DHB and super-DHB were most appropriate MALDI matrices for neutral sugars, whereas 3-aminoquinoline was for acidic glycans. However, Finke et preferred a mixed matrix of ATT with diammonium hydrogen... 

One method that has been used to acquire carbohydrates is isolation and purification from natural sources such as human or animal tissue, milk, urine, plants, and bacteria (see cross reference Isolation of glycans). Access to homogeneous carbohydrate stmctures can be challenging due to the difficulties in separation of complex mixtures, identification of carbohy-drate(s) contained within each fraction, and preparation of sufficient quantities from the limited amounts present in a particular sample. Alternatively, mixtures of unknown composition can be used to survey a broad repertoire of the glycome. On identification of a mixture containing one or more members with interesting receptor-binding properties, the mixture can then be deconvoluted by further fractionation and separation by routine analytical techniques (13). 

Serotransferrin glycans are generally non-fucosylated except in human cerebrospinal fluid (trace amounts) [246,247], rat (20-30% of the molecules) [221], pig (100% of the molecules) [220] and the serotransferrin-like glycoprotein from mouse milk [218,219] in which this protein co-exists with a lactotransferrin. None of the serotransferrin glycans... 

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