Maleic anhydride-vinyl ether copolymer

Figure 1. 1SC NMR Spectrum of hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-vinyl ether copolymer in D,0 at...

Figure 2. Size exclusion chromatography of methyl esters of maleic anhydride-vinyl ether copolymers. Key NSC46015, broad and MVE-2, narrow MW distribution.

Ethyl and butyl esters of poly(vinyl methyl ether)/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) copolymer were introduced in the early 1960s for use in hair sprays. These polymers also have free carboxy acid groups that can be neutralized. Recommended neutralization is 10%, but products can be found in the range of 5—30%, and recommended neutralizers include ammonium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, and triisopropano1 amine. These were the most widely used polymers in hair sprays before their use decreased dramatically in the early 1990s. 

Crosslinking of amine- or hydroxy-terminated PAMAM dendrimers using cyclic anhydride - amine or cyclic anhydride - hydroxy addition reactions was employed for preparation of crosslinked thin films of very low permeability [73], Polyanhydrides, such as maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymers, were used as crosslinking components. In the case of amine-terminated PAMAM, crosslinking and chemical stability were further increased by imidization of the maleamic acid groups retro-Michael eliminations were followed by Michael additions to further crosslink the film. 

Like the vinyl ethers, isopropenyl acetate does not readily form homopolymers by free radical initiation. It does participate in the donor-acceptor mode of polymerization with maleic anhydride and the copolymer was made by free radical polymerization (see Table III). When attempts were made to measure molecular weight by GPC using THF as a solvent on STYRAGEL columns, the polymer did not elute. Therefore, viscosity in acetone at 30"C was used as a measure of molecular size changes on irradiation. The changes on exposure... 

Finally the results recently reported by DUBIN and Strauss are certainly worth mentioning, Potentiometric titration of alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride and n-butyl ether indicates that there occurs a conformational transition which is not exhibited by a copolymer of maleic anhydride and ethyl vinyl ether (Fig. 7). The anomalous behavior of the butyl copol3mier is clearly cormected with the establishment of hydrophobic interactions among the butyl groups. Dubin and Strauss conclude that the maleic anhydride and n-butyl vinyl ether copolymer is hypercoiled in dilute aqueous solution. These authors also point out that the behavior of the latter copolymer is identical with that previously found for highly charged polysoaps. 

Osmometry has been applied to a variety of copolymer systems such as vinyl-chloride-vinyl acetate (67, 68), acrylonitrile vinyl-ether copolymers (69) styrene-acrylonitrile (70), styrene-maleic anhydride (71) and for a series of styrene copolymers (72). 

In studies on hydrophobic interactions and conformational transitions of selected hydrolyzed maleic anhydride-alkyl vinyl ether copolymers (I, 2), we found that under certain conditions neutralization by base caused phase separation in aqueous solutions of the hexyl and octyl copolymers. Both the hexyl and octyl copolymers are insoluble at low pH and require partial neutralization by a base for complete dissolution. Under certain conditions, these copolymers will again precipitate as their degree of neutralization is raised with more base. Insolubility at low pH has been reported for other polyacids (3, 4). However, the phase separation at high pH contradicts the wealth of data indicating that neutralization increases the water affinity of polyacids. 

The concept of hydrophobe modification of water-soluble polymers may have arisen from the hydrophobic half-esters of maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymers, which were commercially available products in the 1960s (i). Replacement of the methyl vinyl ether with styrene produced more stable copolymers in general (2), but hydrophobes attached through the ester... 

Hydrophobic regions can be one or two small, well-defined blocks of pendant hydrophobic moieties in an otherwise water-soluble polymer (2-4). An example is a water-soluble sulfonated BAB triblock copolymer where B is hydrophobic f-butylstyrene and A is vinyltoluene (2). However, hydro-phobic regions can also be less well-defined as well as more numerous in a polymer molecule than is the case for a triblock copolymer (5-22). For example, pendant alkyl esters appear to have been randomly incorporated in styrene-maleic anhydride (5) and vinyl benzyl ether-styrene-maleic anhydride (6-ii) copolymers. Also, alkyl polyoxyethylene acrylate monomers can be copolymerized with acrylamide to yield copolymers with pendant hydrophobic chains (12-15). More recently it was found (16-22) that small amounts of water-insoluble monomers that are solubilized by surfactants into aqueous solutions of a hydrophilic monomer produce copolymers with pendant hydrophobic chains, but the size, number, and nature of the hydro-phobic regions has not been determined. 

Maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer, sodium salt... 

Urea-formaldehyde resin, butylated alkyd-amino stoving resin, vehicle finishes Melamine-formaldehyde resin, butylated amino resin modifier Dl andlamlde, DIethylenetrlamlne antiTncnistation agent Maleic acld/acryllc acid copolymer, Maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer, sodium salt... 

Tamol 850 Tamol 960 Varonic T-220 antiprecipitant, coatings Cyanamer A-370 Polyacrylamide antiprecipitant, latex Polyacrylamide antiredeposition agent Butylated PVP, Maleic acld/oledn copolymer, sodium sah Maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer, sodium salt PEG stearate Sodium polyacrylate... 

In a number of cases, the block used with the PDMS is sufficiently polar to give an amphiphilic block copolymer. Such materials form interesting structures in polar or nonpolar solvents. In the first case, the polar chains act like a corona around the nonpolar core, and in the latter, the nonpolar chains are a corona around the polar core. Examples include blocks of poly(ethylene oxide), acrylamides, sugars, glucono-lactone, hydrolysable siloxanes, and maleic anhydride—vinyl ethyl ethers. ... 

Materials studied include polyesters and polyethers [73], PMMA [74], star-shaped styrene block copolymers [75, 76], PC [77], isoprene-styrene graft copolymers [76], polyethylene oxide-maleic anhydride-vinyl methyl ether copolymers [78], polybutylene terephthalate [79], PE [80], (phenoxymethyl)thizrane [81], polytrimethylene carbonate [82], polybutylene succinate [83], polymethyldiundecenylsilane [84], poly(N-vinyl carbazole) [85], titanium-containing copolymers [86], styrene-macro zwitterion polymers [87], and poly(octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) [88]. 

C. Ladaviere, T. Delair, A. Domard, A. Novelli-Rousseau, B. Mandrand, and F. Mallet, Covalent immobilization of proteins onto (maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether) copolymers Enhanced immobilization of recombinant proteins. Biconjugate Chem., 9 (6), 655-61, 1998. 

E. Moreno, J. Schwartz, E. Larraneta, P.A. Nguewa, C. Sanmartin, M. Agiieros, J.M. Irache, and S. Espuelas, Thermosensitive hydrogels of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) - Pluronic F127 copolymers for controlled protein release, Int. J. Pharm., 459,1-9,2014. 

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. See Propylene/MA copolymer Maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymer, sodium saH... 

Methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer [9011-16-9]... 

Uses. Union Carbide consumes its vinyl ether production in the manufacture of glutaraldehyde [111-30-8J. BASF and GAF consume most of their production as monomers (see Vinyl polymers). In addition to the homopolymers, the copolymer of methyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride is of particular interest. 

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

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