Maleic anhydride/acid copolymer with methyl vinyl ether

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Because the urea-urease interaction leads to a pH increase, a polymer that increases erosion rate with increasing pH is needed. A useful polymer for this application is a partially esterified copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride. This copolymer undergoes surface erosion with an erosion rate that is extraordinarily pH-dependent (J). The polymer dissolves by ionization of the carboxylic acid groups as shown below ... 

Several polymers were found to fit all or most of the above criteria and were used to prepare the carrier films. Many polymers have been used for this purpose, viz., ethyl cellulose, poly(y-benzyl glutamate), poly(vinyl acetate), cellulose acetate phthalate, and the copolymer of methyl vinyl ether with maleic anhydride. In addition to the base polymers, plasticizers were often needed to impart a suitable degree of flexibility. Plasticizers, which are found to be compatible with polymeric materials include, acetylated monoglycerides, esters of phthalic acid such as dibutyl tartarate, etc. An excipient was usually incorporated into the matrix of the carrier films. The excipients used were water-soluble materials, which are capable of creating channels in the polymer matrix and facilitate diffusion of the drug. PEGs of different molecular weights were used for this purpose. 

Materials. Two samples of polyacrylic acid, PAA-1 (4) and PAA-2, were obtained as gifts from S. C. Johnson Company. Their degrees of polymerization were 3090 and 4420, respectively, as calculated from the intrinsic viscosities of their sodium salts in 0.102V NaBr at 15°C using the appropriate relation of Takahashi and Nagasawa (5). The samples of the hydrolyzed copolymers of maleic anhydride witn ethylene (HEMA) and with methyl vinyl ether (HVMEMA) have been described previously (4). 

Commercially available water soluble copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene and methyl vinyl ether (presumably partially hydrolyzed to vicinal carboxylic acids) and triphenylsulfonium triflate were dissolved in water as a casting solvent. Spin-cast films were baked at 130 °C for 10 s, exposed to 254 nm radiation, and postexposure-baked at 130 °C for 40 s. Development with pure water provided negative tone images, presumably due to acid-catalyzed dehydration between vicinal carboxylic acids to form less polar anhydride, as was demonstrated for polarity reversal (4.3.1). However, a copolymer of maleic acid with methyl vinyl ether failed to provide any negative images,... 

Neutral and acidic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate, and copolymers of methyl vinyl ether with half esters of maleic anhydride, are all used in hair styling and hair setting products. 

PVP forms molecular adducts with many substances. Insoluble complexes are formed when aqueous solutions of PVP are added to tannic acid, poly(acrylic acid) and methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer. Soluble complexes, called iodophors, are formed with iodine the solubility of iodine is increased from 0.034% in water at 25°C to 0.58% by 1% PVP. The resulting iodophor retains the germicidal properties of iodine. It is thought that the iodine is held in a PVP helix in solution. The influence of two samples of PVP on the solubility of testosterone is shown in Fig. 8.21. The PVP correspondingly increases the rate of solution of the steroid from solid dispersions. 

In fact, the copolymers of methacrylic acid with maleic anhydride (14) and the copolymers of vinyl alcohol with maleic anhydride (127) obtained respectively from optically active (l-methyl-benzyl)-methacrylate or (l-methyl-benzyl)-vinyl-ether and maleic anhydride, were optically active, but their rotatory power was rather small. 

Copolymers maleic anhydride copolymer with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, acrylic acid copolymers, and methacrylic acid copolymers (Eudragit)... 

CAS 31307-95-6 54578-88-0 54077-45-1 56091-51-1 Synonyms 2-Butenedioic acid, polymer with methoxyethene, 1-methylethyl ester Isopropyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer (INCI) Definition Polymer consisting of the partial Isopropyl ester of the polycarboxylic resin formed from vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride... 

Polymers other than polynucleotides also have been found to induce interferon. Pyran-2-succinic anhydride, 4,5-dicar-boxy tetrahydro- 6-methyl- anhydride polymers in low daily doses protect mice infected with lethal doses of Friend or Rauscher leukemia virus. A correlation between degree of protection and interferon levels was noted. Vinyl sulfate polymers and divinyl ether-maleic acid copolymers induce interferon and protect mice against lethal virus infections. Both of these substances had activity that could not be accounted for by interferon alone. The dependency on molecular weight of polyacrylic acid polymers for interferon induction indicated a... 

Free-radical copolymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers has been carried out with the following typical monomers acrylic acid (bulk and emulsion) [39,40], acrylonitrile (emulsion) [26,27], acrylic esters (emulsion) [41], methyl methacrylate (bulk) [42], maleic anhydride (solution) [43], vinyl acetate (bulk and emulsion) [27,44,45], and vinyl chloride (emulsion) [26, 37,46]. The properties of these and other copolymers are described in a technical bulletin by General Aniline Film Corporation [38]. 

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