Lymphocytes lymphocyte response

Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses," Biomedicine 96 Medical Research from Bench to Bedside, Washiagton, D.C., May 3—6, 1996. 

Ciavarra, R.P. Simeone, A. (1990). T lymphocyte stress response. Cell Immunol. 129, 363-376. 

Rodgers KE, Leung N, Imamura T, et al. 1986. Rapid in vitro screening assay for immunotoxic effects of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Pestic Biochem Physiol 26 292-301. 

Lymphocyte response and effector function has recently been reviewed with respect to lymphocyte receptors, lymphocyte activation, T cell effector functions and lymphocyte physiology. The role of cell surface... 

Cronshaw DG, Kouroumalis A, Parry R, Webb A, Brown Z, Ward SG. Evidence that phospholipase C-dependent, calcium-independent mechanisms are required for directional migration of T lymphocytes in response to the CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22. J Leukoc Biol 2006 79(6) 1369-1380. 

Moser B, Loetscher M, Piali L, Loetscher P. Lymphocyte responses to chemo-kines. Int Rev Immunol 1998 16 323-344. 

Y Kawano, T Noma. Inhibition by lecithin-bound iodine (LBI) of inducible allergen-specific T lymphocytes responses in allergic diseases. Int J Immunopharmacol 18(4) 241-249, 1996. 

D17. Devins, S. S., Millerm, A., Herndon, B. L., O Toole, L., and Reisz, G., Effects of dopamine on T-lymphocyte proliferative responses and serum prolactin concentrations in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 20,1644-1649 (1992). 

Alomran AH, Shleamoon MN. 1988. The influence of chronic lead exposure on lymphocyte proliferative response and immunoglobulin levels in storage battery workers. Journal of Biological Science Research 19 575-585. 

The primary function of the B lymphocytes is to produce antibodies, which are molecules that identify and lead to the destruction of foreign substances such as bacteria. The B lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce are responsible for humoral immunity. T lymphocytes provide immunity against viruses and cancer cells. These lymphocytes directly attack and destroy their targets by forming holes in the target cell membrane, causing cell lysis. The T lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. 

Rat Organic versus conventionally grown wheat, fed at well-nourished or protein-energy-malnourished levels In vitro lymphocyte proliferation response and acute phase proteins not different between organic and conventional wheat when fed at well nourished or protein-energy-malnourished levels. (Finamore et al., 2004)... 

Vaccination to induce an adaptive immune response is expected for a broad range of infectious diseases and cancers. Traditional vaccines are mainly composed of live attenuated viruses, whole inactivated pathogens, or inactivated bacterial toxins. In general, these approaches have been successful for developing vaccines that can induce an immune response based on antigen-specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, which kill host cells infected with intracellular organisms (Fig. 1) [1,2], One of the most important current issues in vaccinology is the need for new adjuvants (immunostimulants) and delivery systems. Many of the vaccines currently in development are based on purified subunits, recombinant... 

Lymphocytes are responsible for the specificity of the immune response. They are the only immune cells that recognize and respond to specific antigens, due to the presence on... 

Based upon recent controlled studies, there is considerable evidence that opioids such as morphine induce substantial effects on immune status. For example, it has been shown that morphine administration is associated with alterations in a number of immune parameters, such as natural-killer cell activity [12,13], proliferation of lymphocytes, [13, 14] antibody production [15,16], and the production of interferon [17]. Studies in our laboratory have shown that acute morphine treatment in rats suppresses splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to both T- and B-cell mitogens, splenic natural-killer cell activity, blood lymphocyte mitogenic responsiveness to T-cell mitogens, and the in vitro production of the cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-y [18-22], Furthermore, the immune alterations induced by morphine are dose-dependent and antagonized by the opioid-receptor antagonist, naltrexone (e.g., [22]). 

The effects of Pb on the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) have been examined in prior studies. McCabe and colleagues [53] and Farrer and colleagues [54] demonstrated that Pb in vitro at very low concentrations (0.1 pM = 2 pg/dL) significantly enhanced the proliferation and expansion of murine alloreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes in the MLR. The expanded T cell population was found to have a high density of CD4 molecules on the cell surface making them phenotypically similar to memory/effector T lymphocytes. In a study using Lewis strain rats, Razani-Boroujerdi and coworkers [55] also found evidence for Pb-induced stimulation of the in vitro MLR. 

Pb exposure at low to moderate levels appears to alter T lymphocyte responses in such a way as to increase the risk of atopic disease and some forms of autoimmunity. Increased IgE production following exposure to Pb is among the most frequently reported immune alteration, suggesting that Pb is a possible risk factor for allergic asthma [33, 34, 40, 91, 92] as well as later life allergic disease [32],... 

Kerkvliet, N. I., Shepherd, D. M., and Baecher-Steppan, L., T lymphocytes are direct, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) AhR expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is necessary for full suppression of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by TCDD, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 185, 146, 2002. 

Prenatal exposure of mice to the fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) resulted in suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to oxazolone. Similar to the DTH response, the in vitro mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was also suppressed by in utero exposure.101... 

Lahvis, G.P. et al., In vitro lymphocyte response of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) mitogen induced proliferation, Afar Environ. Res., 35, 115, 1993. 

Brown, J.M., Pfau, J.C., and Holian, A., Immunoglobulin and lymphocyte responses following silica exposure in New Zealand mixed mice., Inhal. Toxicol., 16, 133, 2004. 

Coe, C.L. et al., Effect of early rearing on lymphocyte proliferation responses in rhesus monkeys, Brain Behav. Immun., 3, 47, 1989. 

Mutchnick, M.G. and Lee, H.H., Impaired lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogen in alcoholic patients. Absence of a relation to liver disease activity, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 12, 155, 1988. 

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