Lymphocyte responses

Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses," Biomedicine 96 Medical Research from Bench to Bedside, Washiagton, D.C., May 3—6, 1996. 

Rodgers KE, Leung N, Imamura T, et al. 1986. Rapid in vitro screening assay for immunotoxic effects of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Pestic Biochem Physiol 26 292-301. 

Lymphocyte response and effector function has recently been reviewed with respect to lymphocyte receptors, lymphocyte activation, T cell effector functions and lymphocyte physiology. The role of cell surface... 

Moser B, Loetscher M, Piali L, Loetscher P. Lymphocyte responses to chemo-kines. Int Rev Immunol 1998 16 323-344. 

Y Kawano, T Noma. Inhibition by lecithin-bound iodine (LBI) of inducible allergen-specific T lymphocytes responses in allergic diseases. Int J Immunopharmacol 18(4) 241-249, 1996. 

The effects of Pb on the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) have been examined in prior studies. McCabe and colleagues [53] and Farrer and colleagues [54] demonstrated that Pb in vitro at very low concentrations (0.1 pM = 2 pg/dL) significantly enhanced the proliferation and expansion of murine alloreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes in the MLR. The expanded T cell population was found to have a high density of CD4 molecules on the cell surface making them phenotypically similar to memory/effector T lymphocytes. In a study using Lewis strain rats, Razani-Boroujerdi and coworkers [55] also found evidence for Pb-induced stimulation of the in vitro MLR. 

Pb exposure at low to moderate levels appears to alter T lymphocyte responses in such a way as to increase the risk of atopic disease and some forms of autoimmunity. Increased IgE production following exposure to Pb is among the most frequently reported immune alteration, suggesting that Pb is a possible risk factor for allergic asthma [33, 34, 40, 91, 92] as well as later life allergic disease [32],... 

Kerkvliet, N. I., Shepherd, D. M., and Baecher-Steppan, L., T lymphocytes are direct, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) AhR expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is necessary for full suppression of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by TCDD, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 185, 146, 2002. 

Prenatal exposure of mice to the fungicide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) resulted in suppression of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to oxazolone. Similar to the DTH response, the in vitro mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) was also suppressed by in utero exposure.101... 

Lahvis, G.P. et al., In vitro lymphocyte response of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) mitogen induced proliferation, Afar Environ. Res., 35, 115, 1993. 

Brown, J.M., Pfau, J.C., and Holian, A., Immunoglobulin and lymphocyte responses following silica exposure in New Zealand mixed mice., Inhal. Toxicol., 16, 133, 2004. 

The initiation and maintenance of IgE antibody responses are regulated by, and dependent upon, the generation of T lymphocyte responses of the correct (Th2-type) phenotype. These cells produce type 2 cytokines (including interleukins (IL) 4, 5, and 13) that collectively facilitate IgE antibody production, and that participate importantly in the elicitation of IgE-mediated allergic reactions [34-36],... 

Nickel salts have also been reported to have immunosuppressive properties in rodents, including giving acute thymic involution [389, 390], suppression of T lymphocyte response to T cell mitogens [389], suppression of antibody [389, 391, 392] and interferon production [393] and suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity [389, 394-397]. 

Cell-mediated immunity Lymphocyte mitogenic response to concanavalin A and mixed lymphocyte response to allogeneic lymphocytes local lymph node assay. 

Mixed Lymphocyte Response (MLR) Assay. This assay has been shown to be sensitive for the detection of chemical-induced immunosuppression and is a recommended Tier I assay by the NTP (Luster et al., 1988). In addition, it has been shown to be predictive of host response to transplantation and of general immunocompetence (Harmon et al., 1982). 

D2. Daynes, R. A., and Araneo, B. A., Programming of lymphocyte response to activation extrinsic factors. Chem. Immunol. 54, 21-43 (1992). 

Sutmuller RP, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Elsas A, Schumacher TN, Wildenberg ME, Allison JP, et al Synergism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade and depletion of CD25 + regulatory T cells in antitumor therapy reveals alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. 

Fuel for immune cells at rest and during proliferation. Enhances T-lymphocyte responses to infection. 

Sheeja K, Kuttan G. (2007) Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and attenuation of tumor growth in vivo by Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 29 81-93. 

Rickinson AB, and Moss DJ (1997) Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15 405-431. 

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