Leukemia Viruses

Retroviruses Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) Human T-lymphocytic tumors... 

Lilly F (1967) Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice. Science 155 461 62... 

PMEA and its congeners are more effective in vivo than could be predicted from their in vitro potency. While less potent as an antiretrovirus agent than AZT in vitro, PMEA proved clearly superior to AZT when the two drugs were compared for their effectiveness in vivo, in mice infected with murine Moloney sarcoma virus [51,52]. PMEA was also shown to be effective against various other retrovirus infections, including Friend leukemia virus (FLV), Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), and LP-BM5 (murine AIDS) virus infection in mice, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats, and SIV infection in macaque (rhesus) monkeys (for review, see Ref. 53). In the latter model [54], again PMEA proved far superior to AZT in suppressing several parameters of the disease. 

Wang, J., and Baltimore, D. (1983). Cellular RNA homologous to the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene expression and relationship to the viral sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 773-779. 

FIGURE 8.13 Nonreceptor PTKs. These protein kinases form a large family, and most of them contain SH2 and SH3 domains. Several were originally discovered as transforming genes of a viral genome, hence names such as src or abl, derived from Rous sarcoma virus or Abelson murine leukemia virus, respectively. (Adapted from Hunter, T., Biochem. Soc. Trans., 24(2), 307-327, 1996.)... 

Dunkel VC, Pienta RJ, Sivak A, et al. 1981. Comparative neoplastic transformation responses of Balb/3T-3 cells, Syrian hamster embryo cells, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected Fischer 344 rat embryo cells to chemical carcinogens. J Nat Cancer Inst 67 1303-1315. 

Abelson murine leukemia virus abi Tyrosine kinase... 

Wang S, Crute BE, Melnikova IN, Keller SR, Speck NA. Cloning and characterization of subunits of the T-cell receptor and murine leukemia virus enhancer core-binding factor. Mol Cell Biol 1993 13 3324-3339. 

Pepinsky, R.B., Cappiello, D., Wilkowski, C., and Vogt, V.M. (1980) Chemical crosslinking of proteins in avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses. Virology 102, 205-210. 

Kalyanaraman, D. Mann, G. D. Sidhu, R. E. Stahl, S. Zolla-Prazner, J. Leibowitch, and M. Popovic, Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Science 220 865 (1983). 

In vivo studies showed that in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from marijuana smokers is suppressed, especially with heavy marijuana smoking, and that the relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations was also altered. Concentrations of serum IgG are decreased and IgE concentrations are increased in marijuana smokers. Furthermore, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from heavy marijuana smokers are decreased. These effects translate into reduced host resistance following administration of cannabinoids, including THC, in both humans and animals (Table 30.2). Increased susceptibility has been demonstrated to opportunistic microbes including HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Friend leukemia virus Listeria, Treponema pallidum, and Legionella. 

The antiretrovirus properties of NO were shown in mice infected with Friend leukemia virus, a murine retrovirus. NO produced by NO-generating compounds or activated macrophages inhibits viral replication in fibroblast cultures, and is involved in defens against this murine retrovirus in vivo [134]. It was also reported that NO donors can inhibit HIV-1 replication in human monocytes through induction ofiNOS [135],... 

Kobe B, Center RJ, Kemp BE, Poumbouris P. 1999. Crystal structure of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gp21 ectodomain crystallized as a maltose binding protein chimera reveals structural evolution of retroviral transmembrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 4319-4324. 

Schwendener RA, et al. New lipophilic acyl/alkyl dinucleoside phosphates as derivatives of 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro and antiviral activity against Rauscher leukemia virus infected mice with delayed treatment regimens. Antivir Res 1994 24 79. 

Hein, S., Prassolov, V., Zhang, Y., Ivanov, D., Lohler, J., Ross, S.R. and Stocking, C. (2003) Sodium-dependent myo inositol transporter 1 is a cellular receptor for Mus cervicolor M813 murine leukemia virus. J Viroin, 5926-5932. 

Klement, V., Rowe, W., Hartley, J. and Pugh, W. (1969) Mixed culture cytopathogenicity A new test for growth of murine leukemia viruses in tissue culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 63, 753-758. 

Miller, A. and Chen, F. (1996) Retrovirus packaging cells based on lOAl murine leukemia virus for production of vectors that use multiple receptors for cell entry. J VlrollO, 5564-5571. 

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