Leukemia Moloney virus

Polymer (VI) has been shown to have antitumor activity against adenocarcinoma 755, Dunning ascites leukemia. Friend leukemia virus, and Lewis lung carcinoma. In the latter case, polymer (VI) showed activity about equal to that of cyclophosphamide (an alkylating agent) and was more effective than 6-mercaptopurine (an antimetabolite) ( ). The DIVEMA polymer (V) Is also active against some cancer causing viruses such as Friend leukemia, Moloney sarcoma and Rauscher leukemia ( ). 

PMEA and its congeners are more effective in vivo than could be predicted from their in vitro potency. While less potent as an antiretrovirus agent than AZT in vitro, PMEA proved clearly superior to AZT when the two drugs were compared for their effectiveness in vivo, in mice infected with murine Moloney sarcoma virus [51,52]. PMEA was also shown to be effective against various other retrovirus infections, including Friend leukemia virus (FLV), Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), and LP-BM5 (murine AIDS) virus infection in mice, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats, and SIV infection in macaque (rhesus) monkeys (for review, see Ref. 53). In the latter model [54], again PMEA proved far superior to AZT in suppressing several parameters of the disease. 

The detection of HIV-related proteins is one of the most challenging tasks. This is especially true because AIDS should be diagnosed as early as possible to enable an early and effective therapy of this infection. Pavski and Le (57) used the aptamer strategy to detect reverse transcriptase (RT) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). A direct and specific ACE method was proposed using laser-induced fluorescence (ACE/LIF) as detection principle. Single-stranded DNA aptamers as probes fluorescently labeled were synthesized. The resulting aptamer is specific for HIV-1 RT, and it exhibited no cross-reactivity with RTs of the enhanced avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV), or denatured HIV-1 RT. An affinity complex of RT 26-HIV-l RT was stable, with calibration curves linear up to 50 nM (6 /xg/mL) HIV-1 RT concentration. Both... 

Results from testing against a variety of polymerase enzymes show that efavirenz is inactive up to 300 p,M for a 50% inhibition (Young et al., 1995). The polymerase enzymes studied were Moloney murine leukemia virus RT, human DNA polymerases a, 3, and 7, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, and the Klenow fragment. Cytotoxicity studies in their primary cells and in a T-cell line reveal that efavirenz has a selectivity index of 80,000. 

Reverse transcriptase activity. Water extract of Zingiber officinale (Rh), Bupleurum falcatum, Scutellaria baicalensis (Rt), Pinellia ternata (Tu), Zizyphus jujuba (Fr), Panax gim seng (Rt), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Rh), at a concentration of 200 pg/mL, was active on Moloney murine leukemia virus and HlVzo2 L... 

The most common retroviral vector is based on the amphotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) (31). This system is particularly suitable for efficient in vitro cell transduction the amphotropic MLV has a broad cell tropism, it can be produced at relatively high titers (106—107 iu/mL), and allows for long-term transgene expression because of the viral integration in the host chromosomal DNA. 

Shinnick, T.M., Lemer, R.A., Sutcliffe, J.G. (1981). Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Nature, 293, 543-548. 

Carteau S, Mouscadet JF, Goulaouic H, Subra F, Auclair C. Inhibition of the in vitro integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA by the DNA minor groove binder netropsin. Biochem Pharmacol... 

Georgiadis MM, lessen SM, Ogata CM, Telesnitsky A, Goff SP, Hendrickson WA. Mechanistic implications from the structure of a catalytic fragment of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. Structure 1995 3 879-892. 

Tanese N, Goff SP. Domain structure of the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase mutational analysis and separate expression of the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988 85 1777-1781. 

Tanese NT, Telesnitsky A, Goff SP. Abortive reverse transcription by mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus deficient in the reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H function. J Virol 1991 65 4387-4397. 

Abelson Virus-Induced Lymphocytic Tumors. Abelson virus (A-MuLV or MuLV-A) is a type C RNA virus (25) and exists in the murine leukemia virus complex. This is a defective virus and contains the Moloney leukemia virus helper component and a replication-defective Abelson component (23) that transforms lymphocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts. While Abelson virus is not... 

Lymphocytic Tumors of Thymic Origin. The appearance of spontaneous tumors (e. . SAKRTLS-13) in AKR and C58 mice (27) is quite common. Other thymic tumors can also be induced chemically (28) (BALENTL—3, -5 or P-1798 Table I) or virally (Moloney leukemia virus (29)). in the early stage of tumor development they are confined to the thymus, but later the tumor is metastasized to the spleen, liver, kidney, and lymph nodes. 

Das, D., and Georgiadis, M. M. (2004). The crystal structure of the monomeric reverse transcriptase from Moloney murine leukemia virus. Structure 12, 819-829. 

Selected naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to inhibit three reverse transcriptases (RT) (avian myeloblastosis RT, Rous-associated virus-2 RT, and Moloney murine leukemia virus, or MMLV, RT) when poly(rA)oligo(dT) 12-18 or rabbit globin mRNA was used as a template. Amentoflavone, scutellarein, and quercetin were the most active compounds, and their effect was concentration dependent. The enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the flavonoids. These flavonoids also inhibited rabbit globin mRNA-directed MMLV RT-catalyzed... 

Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. 

A commercial viral enzyme preparation of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MoMuLV) having Poly(A)dT (primer for RT) was used. 50 pi of the MoMuLV preparation was combined with a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and [3H]dTTP nucleotides. 

Bryant, M. L., Heuckeroth, R. O., Kimata, J. T., Ratner, L., and Gordon, J. I. 1989. Replication of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus is inhibited by different heteroatom-containing analogs of myristic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 8655-8659. 

In 1994, six novel drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, mniopetals A-F (1-6) (Fig. (1)), were isolated by Anke and Steglich from the fermentation broth of Canadian Mniopetalum sp. 87256 [1, 2]. These natural products are known to inhibit the enzymatic activity of RNA-directed DNA-polymerases (reverse transcriptases) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l, avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), and moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) as shown in Table 1. In addition, mniopetals exhibit moderate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. In the following year, a structurally and biologically similar natural product kuehnero-... 

Gammaretrovirus Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)... 

Jaenisch R. Retroviruses and embryogenesis Microin-jection of Moloney leukemia virus into midgestation mouse embryos. Cell 1980 19 181-8. 

Whole viruses and virus proteins AKR Moloney Rauscher Scripps leukemia Vaccinia... 

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