Moloney-murine leukemia virus

The detection of HIV-related proteins is one of the most challenging tasks. This is especially true because AIDS should be diagnosed as early as possible to enable an early and effective therapy of this infection. Pavski and Le (57) used the aptamer strategy to detect reverse transcriptase (RT) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). A direct and specific ACE method was proposed using laser-induced fluorescence (ACE/LIF) as detection principle. Single-stranded DNA aptamers as probes fluorescently labeled were synthesized. The resulting aptamer is specific for HIV-1 RT, and it exhibited no cross-reactivity with RTs of the enhanced avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV), or denatured HIV-1 RT. An affinity complex of RT 26-HIV-l RT was stable, with calibration curves linear up to 50 nM (6 /xg/mL) HIV-1 RT concentration. Both... 

Results from testing against a variety of polymerase enzymes show that efavirenz is inactive up to 300 p,M for a 50% inhibition (Young et al., 1995). The polymerase enzymes studied were Moloney murine leukemia virus RT, human DNA polymerases a, 3, and 7, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, and the Klenow fragment. Cytotoxicity studies in their primary cells and in a T-cell line reveal that efavirenz has a selectivity index of 80,000. 

Reverse transcriptase activity. Water extract of Zingiber officinale (Rh), Bupleurum falcatum, Scutellaria baicalensis (Rt), Pinellia ternata (Tu), Zizyphus jujuba (Fr), Panax gim seng (Rt), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Rh), at a concentration of 200 pg/mL, was active on Moloney murine leukemia virus and HlVzo2 L... 

The most common retroviral vector is based on the amphotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) (31). This system is particularly suitable for efficient in vitro cell transduction the amphotropic MLV has a broad cell tropism, it can be produced at relatively high titers (106—107 iu/mL), and allows for long-term transgene expression because of the viral integration in the host chromosomal DNA. 

Shinnick, T.M., Lemer, R.A., Sutcliffe, J.G. (1981). Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Nature, 293, 543-548. 

Carteau S, Mouscadet JF, Goulaouic H, Subra F, Auclair C. Inhibition of the in vitro integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA by the DNA minor groove binder netropsin. Biochem Pharmacol... 

Georgiadis MM, lessen SM, Ogata CM, Telesnitsky A, Goff SP, Hendrickson WA. Mechanistic implications from the structure of a catalytic fragment of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. Structure 1995 3 879-892. 

Tanese N, Goff SP. Domain structure of the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase mutational analysis and separate expression of the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988 85 1777-1781. 

Tanese NT, Telesnitsky A, Goff SP. Abortive reverse transcription by mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus deficient in the reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H function. J Virol 1991 65 4387-4397. 

Das, D., and Georgiadis, M. M. (2004). The crystal structure of the monomeric reverse transcriptase from Moloney murine leukemia virus. Structure 12, 819-829. 

Selected naturally occurring flavonoids have been shown to inhibit three reverse transcriptases (RT) (avian myeloblastosis RT, Rous-associated virus-2 RT, and Moloney murine leukemia virus, or MMLV, RT) when poly(rA)oligo(dT) 12-18 or rabbit globin mRNA was used as a template. Amentoflavone, scutellarein, and quercetin were the most active compounds, and their effect was concentration dependent. The enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the flavonoids. These flavonoids also inhibited rabbit globin mRNA-directed MMLV RT-catalyzed... 

Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. 

A commercial viral enzyme preparation of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MoMuLV) having Poly(A)dT (primer for RT) was used. 50 pi of the MoMuLV preparation was combined with a mixture of dATP, dGTP, dCTP and [3H]dTTP nucleotides. 

Bryant, M. L., Heuckeroth, R. O., Kimata, J. T., Ratner, L., and Gordon, J. I. 1989. Replication of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus is inhibited by different heteroatom-containing analogs of myristic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 8655-8659. 

In 1994, six novel drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, mniopetals A-F (1-6) (Fig. (1)), were isolated by Anke and Steglich from the fermentation broth of Canadian Mniopetalum sp. 87256 [1, 2]. These natural products are known to inhibit the enzymatic activity of RNA-directed DNA-polymerases (reverse transcriptases) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-l, avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), and moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) as shown in Table 1. In addition, mniopetals exhibit moderate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. In the following year, a structurally and biologically similar natural product kuehnero-... 

Gammaretrovirus Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)... 

Infection with Moloney murine leukemia virus of a lymphoma cell line in vitro resulted in the identification of a gene—Tiaml— that affects the invasive ability of tumor cells (Habets et al., 1994), and thus has the potential to affect also their metastatie behavior. Tiaml acts as an activator of racl, thereby influencing cytoskeletal architecture and cell motility (Collard et al., 1996). Although no clinical evidence has been reported to date of a role of Tiaml in... 

Although many enzymes that are active in the processing of nucleic acids, such as nucleases, DNA polymerases, or reverse transcriptases, have acidic residues in the active sites and require divalent cations for activity, such cations have been repotted only for a few published structures. One published structure of reverse transcriptase from Moloney murine leukemia virus, (MMLV RT) shows a single metal bound in the active site (15), whereas none of the available structures of HIV-1 RT show bound metals. In addition, the structures of MMLV RT and E. coli RNase H with bound metals have been solved at a lower resolution than the... 

In a Moloney murine leukemia virus assay that served as a model for HIV, it could be demonstrated that glucosidase inhibitors 1-deoxynojirimycin 2 and castanospermine 4 were active at concentrations of 1-2 p.g/ml [185]. 

Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (M-MLV RT) at 200 U/pL (Life Technologies). 

The hot water extracts of bulbs and leaves of Haemanthus albiflos had strong antiviral activity against Poliovirus 1, Herpes simplex 1 virus. Vesicular stomatitis vims and simian Rotavirus SA11 (100, 101). The bulbs of this species also showed strong antiviral activity against Moloney murine leukemia virus and HIV(i02). 

Reverse transcription of RNA is sometimes used, e.g., for clone selection by colony hybridization (Verbeek and Tijssen, 1988). Although both avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase can be used, we prefer the AMV enzyme if there are no strong secondary structures in the RNA (MMLV enzyme can be used at higher temperatures, even up to 55°C). The optimal pH range for the AMV enzyme is very narrow (should be 8.3) whereas the MMLV enzyme is active in a range of 7.6-8.3. Superscript reverse transcriptase from BRL is a cloned MMLV enzyme from which the RNase H activity has been deleted. 

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