Leukemia Friend virus

Lilly F (1967) Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice. Science 155 461 62... 

PMEA and its congeners are more effective in vivo than could be predicted from their in vitro potency. While less potent as an antiretrovirus agent than AZT in vitro, PMEA proved clearly superior to AZT when the two drugs were compared for their effectiveness in vivo, in mice infected with murine Moloney sarcoma virus [51,52]. PMEA was also shown to be effective against various other retrovirus infections, including Friend leukemia virus (FLV), Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), and LP-BM5 (murine AIDS) virus infection in mice, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats, and SIV infection in macaque (rhesus) monkeys (for review, see Ref. 53). In the latter model [54], again PMEA proved far superior to AZT in suppressing several parameters of the disease. 

In vivo studies showed that in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from marijuana smokers is suppressed, especially with heavy marijuana smoking, and that the relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations was also altered. Concentrations of serum IgG are decreased and IgE concentrations are increased in marijuana smokers. Furthermore, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from heavy marijuana smokers are decreased. These effects translate into reduced host resistance following administration of cannabinoids, including THC, in both humans and animals (Table 30.2). Increased susceptibility has been demonstrated to opportunistic microbes including HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Friend leukemia virus Listeria, Treponema pallidum, and Legionella. 

The antiretrovirus properties of NO were shown in mice infected with Friend leukemia virus, a murine retrovirus. NO produced by NO-generating compounds or activated macrophages inhibits viral replication in fibroblast cultures, and is involved in defens against this murine retrovirus in vivo [134]. It was also reported that NO donors can inhibit HIV-1 replication in human monocytes through induction ofiNOS [135],... 

Polymer (VI) has been shown to have antitumor activity against adenocarcinoma 755, Dunning ascites leukemia. Friend leukemia virus, and Lewis lung carcinoma. In the latter case, polymer (VI) showed activity about equal to that of cyclophosphamide (an alkylating agent) and was more effective than 6-mercaptopurine (an antimetabolite) ( ). The DIVEMA polymer (V) Is also active against some cancer causing viruses such as Friend leukemia, Moloney sarcoma and Rauscher leukemia ( ). 

Note FLV=Friend leukemia virus. Mice were treated on day 20 after infection. 

Bliznakov, E.G., Effect of stimulation of the host defense system by coenzyme Qio on dibenzpyreneinduced tumors and infection with Friend leukemia virus in mice, Proc. Natl Acad. Scl, 70, 390,1973. 

Bliznakov, E.G., Casey, A., Kishi, T., Kishi, H., and Folkers, K., Coenzyme Q deficiency in mice following infection with Friend leukemia virus, Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 45, 388, 1975. 

The route of pyran administration is important, because intravenous pyran can stimulate Friend leukemia virus activity in contrast to intraperitoneal pyran, which is inhibitory (Schuller, Morahan, and Snodgrass, 1973). Paradoxically, certain murine sarcoma virus induced tumors are stimulated by pyran as well as other interferon inducers (Gazdar et al, 1972). This stimulation may be related to the ability of pyran to induce hepato-splenomegaly or splenomegaly in normal mice. 

Among the chemically-defined macromolecular stimulators of interferon production are the synthetic polymers derived from ethylene maleic anhydride or polyacrylic acid. The structural requirements appear to be a molecular weight of 17,000 or greater and a saturated aliphatic carbon chain with carboxylated groups in alternate or adjacent positions on two out of every four or five carbons. These einionic copolymers are active in vivo in mice against Friend leukemia virus and stimulate the produc tion of interferon in man. 

W. Regelson, Prevention and treatment of friend leukemia virus (FLV) infection by interferon-inducing synthetic polyanions, in N.R.D. Luzio and R. Paoletti, eds.. Proceeding of an International Symposium on Artheros Atherosclerosis and the Reticuloendothelial System, Lake Como, Italy, New York, Plenum Press, pp 315-332,1967. 

Methyl vinyl ether-MA copolymer has the property of inducing interferon production in animals, which is potentially useful for inhibiting the growth of Friends leukemia virus.The 2 1 divinyl ether-co-MA polyanion cyclopolymer, often referred to as PYRAN, has had extensive study, because of its antitumor and interferon inducer properties. Many structural modifications and derivatives of this copolymer also exhibit antitumor activity, interferon inducing capacity, and a wide spectrum of biological activity. Recent... 

Vlrazole, a -D-rlbofuranosyl derivative, has demonstrated a broad spectrum of in vitro inhibitory activity against adenovirus, HSV I and II, vaccinia, myxoma virus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, Coxsackie virus and influenza A and B,91 it is more potent than other antl-lnfluenzal compounds in vitro and is effective against HSV keratitis and localized vaccinia. Friend leukemia virus, influenza A and parainfluenza I in vivo. The antiviral effect may be due to the inhibition of guanosine-T -phosphate synthesis in the infected cell. ... 

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