Lymphocyte subpopulations

Immunotoxicity. Immunological abnormalities were noted in adults who were exposed to contaminated well water and who were family members of children with leukemia (Byers et al. 1988). This was manifested by altered ratios of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased incidence of auto-antibodies, and increased infections. Interpretation of this study is limited by factors discussed in Sections 2.2.23 and 2.2.2.8. 

Neubert, R., G. Golor, R. Stahlmann, H. Helge, and D. Neubert. 1992. Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the immune system. 4. Effects of multiple-dose treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations of a non-human primate (Callithrix jacchus). Arch. Toxicol. 66 250-259. 

Smialowicz, R.J. et al., Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on humoral immunity and lymphocyte subpopulations differences between mice and rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 124, 248, 1994. 

Boscolo, P. et al., Expression of lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine serum levels, and blood and urinary trace elements in asymptomatic atopic men exposed to an urban environment, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 72, 26, 1999. 

Kerkvliet, N.I., T lymphocyte subpopulations and TCDD immunotoxicity, in TLymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology, Kimber, I. and Selgrade, M., eds. John Wiley Sons, Chichester, England, 1998, p. 55. 

Hulstaert, F., et al. Age-related changes in human blood lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Varying kinetics of percentage and absolute count measurements, Clin. Immunol. Immu-nopathol., 70, 152, 1994. 

In vivo studies showed that in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from marijuana smokers is suppressed, especially with heavy marijuana smoking, and that the relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations was also altered. Concentrations of serum IgG are decreased and IgE concentrations are increased in marijuana smokers. Furthermore, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from heavy marijuana smokers are decreased. These effects translate into reduced host resistance following administration of cannabinoids, including THC, in both humans and animals (Table 30.2). Increased susceptibility has been demonstrated to opportunistic microbes including HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Friend leukemia virus Listeria, Treponema pallidum, and Legionella. 

Dyestuff workers exposed to BNA and benzidine before 1972 showed alterations in some T lymphocyte subpopulations some 20 years later. Specifically, there was a decreased number of circulating CD4f T lymphocytes in exposed workers. Measurement of this T lymphocyte subpopulation may provide a useful biological marker of past exposure to aromatic amines. 

Gotovak K, Sabioncello A, Rabatic S, Berki T, Dekaris D (2003) Flow cytometric determination of glucocorticoid receptor expression in lymphocyte subpopulations lower quantity of glucocorticoid receptors in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Exp Immunol 131 335-339... 

The previous discussion was based on the results for lymphocytes obtained from rat mesenteric lymph node. Resolution of lymphocyte subpopulations derived from rat spleen were also possible by using HA copolymer column [109],... 

Various types of stresses and the metabolites or hormones released under their influence, for instance glucocorticoids, have been shown to evoke specific changes in lymphocyte subpopulations and to increase the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages (Fleshner et al. 1992, Murray et al. 2001, Ortega et al. 1996, Smith et al. 1992). 

Fleshner, M., Watkins, L.R., Bellgrau, D., Laudenslager, M.L., and Maier, S.F. 1992. Specific changes in lymphocyte subpopulations A potential mechanism for stress-induced immunosuppression. J Neuroimmunol 41 131-142. 

Heldrup J, Kahn O, Preliner K. Blood T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy infants and children. Acta Paediat 1992 81(2) 125-32. 

Aoyama K. 1986. Effects of benzene inhalation on lymphocyte subpopulations and immune response in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 85 92-101. 

AN was also shown to have cytotoxic effects on mouse B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro, but these effects were driven by mechanisms different from apoptosis (Teneva et al. 2005). Cellular systems have also been used to study the comparative potency of nicotinic agonists and the expression of homomeric nicotinic AchRs a-7, achieved in GH3 rat pituitary ceUs. This system was used to show that AN was second only to epibatidine in potency as a nicotinic agonist (Feneibach et al. 2005). 

Zabrodskii, P.F., Germanchuk, V.G., Kovalev, A.Yu., Kadushkin, A.M. (2007). Functional disturbance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations under subacute exposure to toxic chemical agents. Rossiyskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal [Russian Chemical Journal] LI(2) 98-100. (In Russian)... 

Pernu HE, Knuuttila ML. Macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations in nifedipine- and cyclosporin A-associated human gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol 2001 72(2) 160-6. 

---