Treponema pallidum

Chloroquine (Aralen) is also used in die treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis (see section on Amebicides). Doxycycline is also used to treat infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium, and Bacillus anthracis when penicillin is contraindicated. Quinine also may be used for die prevention and treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. 

Treponema pallidum is the causal organism of syphilis. Treponema pertenue causes the tropical disease called yaws. 

Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, can have numerous and complex manifestations. Clinician familiarity, stage-specific diagnosis, and effective treatment are vital. Missed or inappropriately treated syphilis may result in cardiovascular complications, neurologic disease, or congenital syphilis. 

Fur-like proteins are found in nearly all bacteria sequenced so far, with some notable exceptions the highly adapted and specialized pathogens, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia, and Ricketsia do not seem to contain genes encoding Fur-like proteins. Only some of the archaea, e.g. Archaeoglobusfulgidus, encode a Fur-like protein. In many cases, the Fur-like proteins... 

Fraser CM, Norris SJ, Weinstock GM et al. Complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. Science 1998 281[5375] 375-388. 

Subramanian G, Koonin EV, Aravind L. Comparative genome analysis of the pathogenic spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum. Infect Im-mun 2000 68(3] 1633-1648. 

Chamberlain, N.R., Deogny, L., Slaughter C., Radolf, J.D., and Norgard, M.V. (1989) Acylation of the 47-kilodalton major membrane immunogen of Treponema pallidum determines its hydrophobicity. Infect. Immun. 57, 2878-2885. 

Two types of SORs have been firstly described by Lombard et al. [44] and Jenney et al. [45]. The first one is a small protein called desulfoferrodoxin (Dfx) found in anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfoarculus baarsii containing two protein domains iron center I and iron center II [44]. Iron center II is supposed to be responsible for the superoxide reducing activity. Another SOR has been isolated from anerobic archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus, which has a unique mononuclear iron center [45], Lombard et al. [46] and Jovanovic et al. [47] also demonstrated that the Treponema pallidum protein of T. pallidum belongs to a new class of SORs. 

Aeropyrum pernix Archaea 1.67 Treponema pallidum Eubacteria 1.14... 

Doxycycline6 or fluoroquinolone 0 Spirochetes Treponema pallidum Neurosyphilis Penicillin G Ceftriaxone0 Primary or secondary Benzathine penicillin G Doxycyclinee or ceftriaxone0... 

The causative organism of syphilis is Treponema pallidum, a spirochete. 

In vivo studies showed that in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from marijuana smokers is suppressed, especially with heavy marijuana smoking, and that the relative proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations was also altered. Concentrations of serum IgG are decreased and IgE concentrations are increased in marijuana smokers. Furthermore, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages from heavy marijuana smokers are decreased. These effects translate into reduced host resistance following administration of cannabinoids, including THC, in both humans and animals (Table 30.2). Increased susceptibility has been demonstrated to opportunistic microbes including HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Friend leukemia virus Listeria, Treponema pallidum, and Legionella. 

Treponema pallidum Treponema denticola A Geobacter sulfurreducens Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Erwinia chrysanthemi A... 

Under the intellectual leadership of Paul Ehrlich, the dye industry provided arsphenamine, the first effective agent against syphilis. Syphilis is an infectious disease spread by sexual contact. It is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Syphilis runs various courses over many years and can result in death if not treated. Penicillins are now the dmgs of choice for syphilis. Chemists discovered two other medicinal agents in the early years of the twentieth century tryparsamide for trypanosomiasis, a parasitic disease, and oxophenarsine, also for syphilis. 

Syphilis is a chronic disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which results in the formation of lesions throughout the body. The bacteria usually enter the body during sexual intercourse through the mucous membranes of the vagina or urethra. 

Alternative therapy for the following infections when penicillin is contraindicated Uncomplicated gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae] syphilis due to Treponema pallidum, yaws due to T. pertenue] Listeria monocytogenes] anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis] Vincent s infection due to Fusobacterium fusiforme] actinomycosis due to Actinomyces sp. Clostridium sp. 

Treponema pallidum Bacterial causative agent of syphilis... 

Infections of the external eye can be caused by viruses and by bacteria from the respiratory tract such as pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Infections of the internal eye can be caused by the same bacteria through spread from a corneal (traumatic) ulcer or by S. aureus. The same pathogens are responsible for periorbital spread in severe sinusitis. Treponema pallidum, CMV and Toxoplasma cause intra-ocular infections. 

The clinical uses of penicillin G include endocarditis caused by S. viridans (or Streptococcus hovix), pharyngitis (group A (3-hemolytic streptococci), cat bite cellulitis Pasteurella multocida), and syphilis (Treponema pallidum). 

Among the bacilli, gram positive Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium species are highly sensitive. Among the spirochetes. Treponema pallidum is highly sensitive to penicillin. 

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