Transforming genes

Pulciani S, Santos E, Lauver AV, et al. 1982b. Oncogenes in human tumor cell lines. Molecular cloning of a transforming gene from human bladder carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79 2845-2849. 

Ahmad D, R Masse, M Sylvestre (1990) Cloning, physical mapping and expression in Pseudomonas putida of 4-chlorobiphenyl transformation genes from Pseudomonas testosteroni strain B-356 and their homology to the genomic DNA from other PCB-degrading bacteria. Gene 86 53-61. 

Wang, J., and Baltimore, D. (1983). Cellular RNA homologous to the Abelson murine leukemia virus transforming gene expression and relationship to the viral sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3 773-779. 

Papkoff, J., Verma, I. M., and Hunter, T. (1982). Detection of a transforming gene product in cells transformed by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell 29 417-426. 

Bradl, M. L., Larue, L., and Mintz, B. (1991b). Clonal coat color formation due to a transforming gene expressed in melanocytes of transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USASS 6447-6451. 

FIGURE 8.13 Nonreceptor PTKs. These protein kinases form a large family, and most of them contain SH2 and SH3 domains. Several were originally discovered as transforming genes of a viral genome, hence names such as src or abl, derived from Rous sarcoma virus or Abelson murine leukemia virus, respectively. (Adapted from Hunter, T., Biochem. Soc. Trans., 24(2), 307-327, 1996.)... 

Nurse P 1990 Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344 503-508 Pei L, Melmed S 1997 Isolation and characterization of a pituitary tumor-transforming gene (.PTTG). Mol Endocrinol 11 433-441... 

Xiong, Y., H. Zhang, and D. Beach. 1993. Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation. Genes Dev 7(8) 1572-83. 

Tsutsui T, Hayashi N, Maizumi H, et al. 1997. Benzene-, catechol-, hydroquinone- and phenol-induced cell transformation, gene mutations, chromosome aberrations, aneuploidy, sister chromatid exchanges and unscheduled DNA synthesis in Syrian hamster embryo cells. Mutat Res 373 113-123. 

Bartholomew G. and Ihle J.N. (1991) Retroviral insertions 90 kilobases proximal to the Evi 1 myeloid transforming gene activate transcription from the normal promoter. Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, 1820-1828. 

Biggart NW, Gallick GE, Murphy EC Jr. 1987. Nickel-induced heritable alterations in retroviral transforming gene expression. J Virol 61 2378-2388. 

Erikson, R.L., Colett, M.S., Erikson, E. and Purchio, A.F. Evidence that the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product is a cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase (1979) Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 76, 6260-6264... 

Eukaryotic Animal (recombinant) virus vectors Permanent infection Alteration of transformed host cell phenotype All essential viral genes strong promoter/enhancers polyadenylation signal intron sequences host transforming gene sequences... 

Ruley, H.E. (1983). Adenovirus early r on lA enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture, Nature 304,602. 

P-Propiolactone was mutagenic to bacteria. In yeast, it induced mitotic gene conversion, aneuploidy and mutations. It produced heritable translocations and sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. In vitro, it induced cell transformation and gene mutations in human cells, and cell transformation, gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells. 

McKeown M., Belote J. M. and Boggs R. T. (1998) Ectopic expression of the female transformer gene product leads to female differentiation of chromosomally male Drosophila. Cell 53, 887-895. 

Shih, C., Padhy, L. C., Murray, M., and Weinberg, R. A. (1981). Transforming genes of carcinomas and neuroblastomas introduced into mouse fibroblasts. Nature 290, 261-264. 

Hunter, T., and Sefton, B.M. (1980). Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma vims phospho-rylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77, 1311-1315. 

In general, cells transfected with DNA that contains transforming genes, derived from oncogenic viruses, lose the growth feature called contact inhibition, which limits their growth and proliferation. These transfectants can be visualized under the microscope and isolated as colonies. 

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