Lamina propria lymphocytes

In rat liver, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine had no consistent effect on the relative focal volume of y-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive preneoplastic foci (Denda et al., 1988). Locniskar et al. (1985) treated Brown-Norway and Fischer rats with 150 mg/kg bw 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by gavage five times over a three-week period. Five months after the final treatment, isolated splenic, colonic intraperithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes from the Brown-Norway strain exhibited low natural killer cell activity and reduced splenic T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to autologous non-T lymphocytes. Furthermore, colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation was low, and Brown-Norway rats had a low incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasms (7%) in comparison with Fischer rats, which had more effective splenic and colonic intraperithelial lymphocyte natural killer cell activity, enhanced splenic autologous mixed lymphocyte response, enhanced colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation and a higher incidence of colon tumours (20%). 

Ornithine decarboxylase catalyzes the transformation of ornithine to the polycationic bases, putresine, spermine, and spermidine. These compounds exert regulatory effects on cell growth. It has been shown that quercetin (10 to 30 pmol/mouse) markedly suppressed the stimulatory effect of the transporters associated with antigen processing (TPA) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and on skin tumor formation in mice initiated with dimethylbenzanthracene. Such inhibition may be related to the activation of the catalytic site, which is under nonconventional regulation by small molecules. Also, the synthetic flavonoid flavone acetic acid was shown to inhibit the activity of ODC in stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes. 

Elitsur, Y. and Luk, G.D. 1991. Beta-casomorphin (BCM) and human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte proliferation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 85, 493 -497. 

Boirivant, M., Fais, S., Annibale, B., Agostini, D., Delle Fave, G., and Pallone, F. (1994). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide modulates the in vitro immunoglobulin A production by intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes. Gastroenterology 106, 576-582. 

Lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs), along with Peyer s patches (PPs) and other intestinal lymphoid nodules, combine to form one of the largest and most unappreciated, lymphoid cell populations in the body (Cerf-Bensusan and Guy-Grand, 1991). Significant alterations to these populations, as well as the PPs, can open the door to potentially lethal bacterial and protozoal overgrowth followed by systemic invasion. 

However, the majority of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) are unconventional T-cells, such as T-cell subsets expressing the CD8aa homodimer or the yd T-cell receptor (TCRs) with... 

Agace WW, Roberts Al, Wu L, Greineder C, Ebert EC, Parker CM. Human intestinal lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes express receptors specific for chemokines induced by inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2000 30 819-826. 

A 52-year-old man developed watery diarrhea 6-8 times a day 2 weeks after he had started to take acarbose 100 mg. In 3 weeks he lost 3 kg. Duodenal biopsies were normal colon biopsies showed a large increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. The mononuclear cells expressed CD-25, and HLA-DR antigen was increased in epithelial cells. Within 4 days of acarbose withdrawal the diarrhea had disappeared, and biopsies 4 months later showed that CD-25 expression in the cells of the lamina propria was improved and HLA-DR was no longer expressed by the epithelial cells. On rechallenge the diarrhea recurred within 3 days. Biopsies showed pronounced HLA-DR in the epithelial cells and CD-25 expression in some mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. 

In addition, the mucosal surface of the intestine is essential for the assimilation of antigens. Proteases of the intestinal bacteria degrade the antigenic structure, an important step in the introduction of unresponsiveness to dietary antigens. Specialized antigen transport mechanisms take place in different lymphoid compartments mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer s patches, isolated lymph follicles, isolated T lymphocytes in the epithelium and the lamina propria, as well as at the secretory sites (Heyman et al. 1982). The secretory IgA antibodies in the gut are part of the... 

Celiac disease is a genetically dependent disease. In people who are genetically predisposed, the consumption of cereal products containing gluten leads to atrophy of villi structure with compensational crypts hyperplasia and massive lymphocytic infiltration around the lamina propria of the mucosa. The consecutive introduction of gluten into the diet results in the recurrence of histopathological changes (Kaukinen et al., 2002). 

The mouth and esophagus are composed of two layers, the mucosa and submucosa (Figure 3.5). The mucosa is lined on its outer surface by a stratified squamous epithelium with layers of polyhedral cells of the intermediate layers and low columnar cells of the basal layer. Below the cellular layer is the lamina propria containing loose connective tissue with blood vessels and small aggregates of lymphocytes. Smooth muscle within the mucosa (muscularis mucosal layer) is seen as small bundles. The submucosa... 

Increased intraepithelial-lymphocytes Increased plasma cells in the lamina propria... 

In the upper respiratory tract, the tracheal and bronchial lamina propria was thickened by clear space or pale, eosinophilic, homogeneous material (edema) and neutrophils, small and large lymphocytes, and (possibly preexisting) plasma cells. The edema and cellular infiltrate extended transtracheally into the mediastinum, with mod-erate-to-marked mediastinal lymphangiectasia. 

Inflammation of the airway is the peculiar pathological abnormality in asthma (Hegele and Hogg, 1996). Inflammatory responses are associated with the accumulation of numerous cells including lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells in the lamina propria (Laitinen et ah, 1993). Further, more of those cells are found in fhe adventitial connective tissues of outer wall of smaller airways (Haley et ah, 1998). Moreover, the airway epithelium is infiltrated by the numerous leukocytes eosinophils are prominent among them. 

Ruedl C, Albini B, Bock G, Wick G, Wolf H (1993) Oral administration of a bacterial immunomodulator enhances murine intestinal lamina propria and Peyer s patch lymphocyte traffic to the lung possible implications for infectious disease prophylaxis and therapy. Int Immunol 5 29-34... 

Van den Brande JM, Braat H, van den Brink GR, et al. Infhximab but not etanercept induces apoptosis in lamina propria T-lymphocytes from patients with Crohn s disease. Gastroenterology 2003 124 1774-1785. 

Stress influences gut mucosal immune response producing a diminution in the number of IgA+ B-lymphocytes in the lamina propria of the small intestine and in the secretion of S-IgA into the intestinal fluid of stressed animals. The probiotic strain Lact. casei CRL 431 increased these parameters in agreement with another study in a mouse stress model (Jarillo-Luna et al. 2007). The decrease in IgA+ cell numbers in stressed mice could be due to high levels of glucocorticoids that induce apoptosis of B cells in the lamina propria of the gut (Fukuzuka et al. 2000 Brunner et al. 2001 Ruiz-Santana et al. 2001). Another possibility could be the low number of CD4+ T cells. These last cells produce cytokines such as IFNy, IL-6, IL-5, IL-4, and IL-10, which are involved in the expansion and differentiation of IgA+ B cells (Iwakabe et al. 1998 Elenkov 2004 Brandtzaeg and Johansen 2005). These cell populations increased in stressed animals consuming probiotics. 

---