Lymphocytic infiltrate

Fig. 4.2 Dorsal root ganglia pathology in HIV neuropathy is characterized by foci of macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration (a) and Nagoette nodules (b). Infiltration by activated macrophages is demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD68 antibodies (c) (scale bar, 50 pm). Reproduced with permission of Wiley-Blackwell Pubhshing (Pardo et al. 2001)...

The most common causes of hypothyroidism are listed in Table 41-2. Up to 90% of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis have circulating anti-TPOAbs. The autoimmune inflammatory response results in a lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland and its eventual destruction. 

Kidney Fever, graft tenderness and swelling, decreased urine output, malaise, hypertension, weight gain, edema Increased SCr, BUN, leukocytosis, renal biopsy positive for lymphocytic infiltration... 

Kerjaschki D, Regele HM, Moosberger I, et al. Lymphatic neoangiogenesis in human kidney transplants is associated with immunologically active lymphocytic infiltrates. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004 15 603-612. 

XCL1 Synovium RT-PCR (mRNA), ISH (mRNA), IHC Higher levels compared with OA. Expression restricted to lymphocytic infiltrate in RA. Immunostaining shows strong staining in RA compared with OA and reactive arthritis but not PA. 175... 

In some patients believed to suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome, an underlying enteric neuromuscular disorder has later been identified [133]. The bridge to infectious diseases is also of interest, with several entero-tropic viruses in focus, and reports of lymphocytic infiltration of enteric neural structures in patients with unexplained intestinal dysmotility require further studies. 

The neuromuscular compartment of the bowel wall is also affected in certain types of the Ehler-Danlos syndrome [162], maybe in amyloidosis [163], and in the presence of diffuse lymphocytic infiltration [164],... 

There should not be blind adoption of a checklist of assays and observations, but appropriate investigations should be selected, based on earlier findings in the singledose studies. Increasing the number of doses raises more concern about the immune response. There may be indications of this, such as lymphocyte infiltration at the site... 

Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to detect HIV-1 infected cells in the testis (P5), excurrent ducts, and prostate. Distinct pathologic changes were observed in the majority of testis of AIDS patients that included azoospermia, hyalinization of the boundary wall of seminiferous tubules, and lymphocytic infiltration of the interstitium. In the testis, many white blood cells were shown to the CD4 + HIV-1 positive cells of lymphocy-tic/monocytic morphology, found in the seminiferous tubules and interstitium of the testis, epididymal epithelium, and connective tissue of the epididymis and prostate. There was no evidence of active HIV-1 infection in germ cells or Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules or other epithelial cells lining the excurrent ducts or prostatic glands. 

Hearts obtained at autopsy in consecutive AIDS cases (PI), leukocytic phenotype, and presence of viral antigens were investigated in paraffin-embedded and frozen myocardial sections by different monoclonal antibodies. The total frequency of local lymphocytic infiltrates with and without myocell necrosis was 26 and 32%, respectively. In control cases (HIV negative), these infiltrates are absent. In AIDS patients, the number of infiltrative foci per section, their wall distribution (subendocardial, middle layer, subepicardial), number of leukocytes per focus, and cell phenotype (prevalence of CD8 +, absence of B cells and granulocytes) were similar in cases with and without myocell necrosis. 

Cardio 26 (myocardial degeneration, necrosis of muscle bundles, interstitial fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltration)... 

The injury was characterized by myocardial inflammation, degeneration, and necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphocyte infiltration. Since only a range was given for the exposure level (26-52 ppm), the exact level of phenol in air that resulted in myocardial injury was not established and may be as low as 26 ppm or as high as 52 ppm. Interpretation of this study is further complicated by an apparent lack of controls. However, the heart pathology was so severe that it is difficult to ascribe the effects to any... 

Alternative/Adjunctive treatment Psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, severe diaper rash, dishidrosis, nodular prurigo, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, mycosis fungoides, and familial benign pemphigus of Hailey-Hailey. 

Paulet and Desbrousses (1970) exposed groups of 10 rats/sex (strain not specified) to chlorine dioxide vapors at a concentrations of 0 or 2.5 ppm (6.9 mg/m ), 7 hours/day for 30 days. The weekly exposure frequency was not reported. Chlorine dioxide-exposed rats exhibited respiratory effects that included lymphocytic infiltration of the alveolar spaces, alveolar vascular congestion, hemorrhagic alveoli, epithelial erosions, and inflammatory infiltrations of the bronchi. The study authors also reported slightly decreased body weight gain and decreased erythrocyte and increased leukocyte levels, relative to controls. Recovery from the pulmonary lesions was apparent in rats examined after a 15-day recovery period. 

The pathogenesis of type I diabetes is autoimmune destruction of the cells of the pancreas. The factor or factors that trigger this autoimmune response are unknown. Predisposing factors appear to include certain major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and autoantibodies to various islet cell antigens. The progression of the autoimmune response is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the pancreatic cells resulting in insulin deficiency. Type I diabetes mellitus constitutes about 10% of cases of diabetes mellitus. 

Cell destruction during the development of IDDM is the result of autoimmune processes. Considerable evidence supports the autoimmune nature of IDDM. This evidence includes (1) observation of lymphocyte infiltration into pancreatic islets in biopsy specimens taken from patients in early stages of IDDM (2) the identification of islet-cell autoantibodies from patients with IDDM ... 

There are only a few reports of hyperacute rejection after liver transplantation. This may be due to the ability of the Kupffer cells to remove cytotoxic antibodies formed against the graft because of their reticuloendothelial function. Acute rejection is the more common form of rejection, which is manifested within 7-10 days after liver transplantation and exhibits symptoms of fever, malaise, pain, tachycardia and hepatomegaly. Mental disorientation in patients has also been reported during acute rejection. Liver biopsy is performed to confirm acute rejection that is generally mild in nature, and lymphocytic infiltration is observed in the portal tracts under the endothelium of the sinusoids. 

A 53-year-old man developed ileocecal intussusception due to an edematous ischemic cecum, due to enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis, with numerous associated thrombi. The phlebitis involved not only the ischemic area but also other sites, notably the entire right colon, terminal ileum, and appendix. All layers of the bowel wall were involved. The mesenteric veins were also prominently affected, but the arteries were spared. There was a marked lymphocytic infiltrate involving the epithelium of the entire right colon, ileum, and appendix. 

Antithyroid drugs may also suppress lymphocytic infiltration into the thyroid and thereby directly modulate the basic disorder of autoimmune hyperthyroidism (SEDA-6, 364 SEDA-9, 344). Propylthiouracil, but not the thioimidazoles, also inhibits the conversion of thyroxine to its more active derivative triiodothyronine. This effect is significant during high-dose treatment, and propylthiouracil may therefore be preferred if a more rapid onset of action is desired, for example thyrotoxic crisis, although clear experimental proof of the advantageous effect is still lacking (3). 

A 66-year-old man took glipizide for 4 weeks and developed brownish, non-pruritic, purpuric, scaling patches on his upper legs and buttocks. Biopsy showed dilated capillaries with surrounding extravasated erythrocytes, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, and areas of hemosiderin deposition. After withdrawal of glipizide the rash cleared. 

Late adverse effects include hepatic dysfunction, with altered liver function tests and hyperbilirubinemia. After prolonged use of nicotinic acid and nicotinyl alcohol, histological changes, for example parenchymal cell injury, portal fibrosis, cholangitis, cholestasis, biliary casts, and lymphocytic infiltrations around the bile ducts, have occasionally been seen. 

Fig. 13.9. This photomicrograph demonstrates the tumor morphology of Sprague-Dawley rats bearing C6 glioma treated with paclitaxel-CRE (A) and paclitaxel-LCM (B and C). Animals received one intravenous injection of either 240 pg/kg paclitaxel-LCM or 240 pg/kg paclitaxel-CRE, 4 days after the tumor inoculation. Tumors from animals treated with paclitaxel-LCM showed extensive necrosis (B) and lymphocytic infiltration ( C ). At the same concentration of paclitaxel, the paclitaxel-CRE has no effect on the tumor morphology (A). (Taken from ref. 532.)...

An ichthyosiform skin rash has been seen when kava is taken at very high doses chronically. It is associated with facial swelling and photosensitivity. Exfoliation on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, forearms, back, and shins has also been described. Sebaceous gland skin eruptions have been reported, with lymphocytic infiltrates on biopsy. Kava dermopathy is reversible on cessation of consumption. 

M29. Murphy, M., Fullen, D., and Carlson, J. A., Low CD7 expression in benign and malignant cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates Experience with an antibody reactive with paraffin-embedded tissue. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 24,6—16 (2002). 

Lymphocytes and leukocytes also infiltrate into the injured region after nerve injury (Morin et al., 2007 Thacker et al., 2007). It was demonstrated that T-cells infiltrated into the injured nerve at the same time or before macrophage infiltration, and promoted macrophage chemotaxis (Kleinschnitz et al., 2006). There are no reports showing lymphocyte infiltration in the PNS after... 

Celiac disease is a genetically dependent disease. In people who are genetically predisposed, the consumption of cereal products containing gluten leads to atrophy of villi structure with compensational crypts hyperplasia and massive lymphocytic infiltration around the lamina propria of the mucosa. The consecutive introduction of gluten into the diet results in the recurrence of histopathological changes (Kaukinen et al., 2002). 

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