Intraepithelial lymphocytes

Agace WW, Roberts Al, Wu L, Greineder C, Ebert EC, Parker CM. Human intestinal lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes express receptors specific for chemokines induced by inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2000 30 819-826. 

Wurbel MA, Malissen M, Guy-Grand D, et al. Mice lacking the CCR9 CC-chemokine receptor show a mild impairment of early T- and B-cell development and a reduction in T-cell receptor gammadelta(+) gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. Blood 2001 98 2626-2632. 

Marsal J, Svensson M, Ericsson A, et al. Involvement of CCL25 (TECK) in the generation of the murine small-intestinal CD8alpha alpha+CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment. Eur J Immunol 2002 32 3488-3497. 

Klein, J.R. (1996) Whence the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte Journal of Experimental Medicine 184,1203—1206. 

Guy-Grand, D., DiSanto,J.P., Henchoz, P., Malassis-Seris, M. and Vassalli, P. (1998) Small bowel enteropathy role of intraepithelial lymphocytes and of cytokines (IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF) in the induction of epithelial cell death and renewal. European Journal of Immunology 28, 730-744. 

Moreover, bacterial overgrowth flora with Gram-negative bacilli, but not with URT flora, is associated with an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes, reflecting an im-... 

Abs, Antibodies CD, celiac disease DH, dermatitis herpetiformis Dx, Diagnosis EM, endomysial antibodies GI, gastrointestinal GFD, gluten-free diet IELs, intraepithelial lymphocytes IFN, interferon Lab, laboratory tTG, tissue transglutaminase antibodies Ret, reticulin IH, immunohistochemistry. 

A 52-year-old man developed watery diarrhea 6-8 times a day 2 weeks after he had started to take acarbose 100 mg. In 3 weeks he lost 3 kg. Duodenal biopsies were normal colon biopsies showed a large increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. The mononuclear cells expressed CD-25, and HLA-DR antigen was increased in epithelial cells. Within 4 days of acarbose withdrawal the diarrhea had disappeared, and biopsies 4 months later showed that CD-25 expression in the cells of the lamina propria was improved and HLA-DR was no longer expressed by the epithelial cells. On rechallenge the diarrhea recurred within 3 days. Biopsies showed pronounced HLA-DR in the epithelial cells and CD-25 expression in some mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. 

Ebert, E.C. 1998. Tumour necrosis factor-a enhances intraepithelial lymphocyte proliferation and migration. Gut 42 650-655. 

Fig. 11.2. Summary of the host responses to mucosal parasitic infections. Sensitisation occurs initially in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) various cells of mucosal or peripheral origin are recruited largely by thymus-dependent mechanisms the inflammatory response so generated produces an environment hostile to the continued survival of the parasites. Heavy solid arrows denote possible sources of effector molecules IEL, intraepithelial lymphocytes, some of which are granulated, and probably natural killer cells. (After Befus Bienenstock, 1982, with permission from S. Karger AG, Basel.)...

Figure 6.15 Schematic diagram of a portion of the epithelium covering above a lymphatic nodule in a Peyer s patch (mouse). Attenuated M cells (M) extend as membranelike cytoplasmic bridges between the absorptive columnar epithelial cells present on either side (C). Beneath the M cell lies a small nest of intraepithelial lymphocytes (L) together with a central macrophage (Mac). The M cell provides a thin membrane-like barrier between the lumen above and the lymphocytes in the intercellular space below. This M cell has taken up the macromolecules and particulate matter that reach it and macrophages (Mac) may ingest them. Modified from D.H. Cormack. Lymphatic tissue and the immune system. D.H.Cormack (ed.) (1987) Ham s Histology, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, pp. 234-263...

E-cadherin is unique in that it not only, like other cadherin family members, mediates homophilic adhesion to establish and maintain cellcell contacts, it also serves as a counter-receptor for integrins Oe/37 (Cepek et al, 1994) and (Whittard et al, 2002) in heterophilic adhesion. In fact, the interaction between E-cadherin on mucosal epithelial cells and Oe/S on intraepithelial lymphocytes has been the best characterized tissue-specific interaction for lymphocyte retention. Although structure of binding domains between E-cadherin and is not available, mutagenesis... 

Deusch, K., Luling, F., Reich, K., Classen, M., Wagner, H., and Pfeffer, K. (1991). A major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the gamma/delta T cell receptor, the CDS accessory molecule and preferentially uses the V delta 1 gene segment. Eur. J. Immunol. 21(4), 1053-1059. 

Spencer, J., Isaacson, P. G., Diss, T. C., and MacDonald, T. T. (1989). Expression of disulfide-linked and non-disulfide-linked forms of the T cell receptor gamma/delta heterodimer in human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 19(7), 1335-1338. 

To clarify the mechanisms of antitumor actions of various chitosans, we examined the cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 (NK cell-sensitive target ceils) or sarcoma 180 cells by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) or splenic lymphocytes treated various chitosans. Treatment of lELs with oligochitosan (10 to 1000 jlg/mL), chitosan-21 (10 to 1000 jXg/mL), or chitosan-46 (10 to 1000 jXg/mL) enhanced their c>i otoxic activity against YAC-1 cells compared with that of untreated lELs Fig. (12) . 

Table 8. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte IVK activity of various chitosan in sarcuma 180-beariag mice (in vivo) ...

Fujihashi K, Kawabata S, Hiroi T, et al. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 7 (IL-7) reciprocally induce IL-7 and IL-2 receptors on gamma delta T-cell receptor-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 3613-8. 

Figure 3 Diagram summarizing the stages observed in the transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by the M cell from the intestinal lumen to the intraepithelial lymphocyte. C Columnar cells L lymphocytes. (From Ref. 24.)...

Brandtzaeg P, Halstensen TS, Kett K, Krajci P, Kvale D, Rognum TO, Scott H, Sollid LM Immunobiology and immunopathology of human gut mucosa humoral immunity and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Gastroenterology 1989 97 1562-1584. 

LYMPHOCYTIC GASTRITIS Lymphocytic gastritis is usually a manifestation of celiac disease and, occasionally, of Helicobacter pylori infection. In celiac disease patients the density of surface intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) is usually lower than that seen in the duodenum. Gastric lELs are T lymphocytes that stain with CD45RO, CD3, CD7, CDS, and TIA-D798... 

T-cell markers can be used to highlight intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) in suspected cases of lymphocytic gastritis associated with celiac disease or Helicopter pylori infection. 

Celiac disease is one of the diseases that show increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) as a key histologic feature. In celiac disease, most lELs are activated T cells including both alpha/beta and delta/gamma type T cells. The dominant lEE T-cell immunopheno-type in celiac disease is CD3-i-/CD8-i-. " In general, staining for CD3 is not indicated for routine evaluation of duodenal biopsies for celiac disease. However, when the numbers of lELs are equivocally increased or if a section is difficult to evaluate for technical reasons, CD3 immunohistochemistry might be helpful. 

REFRACTORY CELIAC DISEASE Recently, immunohistochemistry has been shown to have utility in the evaluation of patients with refractory celiac disease. These patients continue to suffer from symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet and are more likely to develop further complications such as ulcerative jejunoileitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. The group of patients with refractory sprue and loss of CDS expression in more than 50% of the CD3-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes are more likely to develop enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. These patients with an abnormal T-cell phenotype are more likely to receive more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. 

Dtut R, Dtut RM. Lymphocytic gastritis in pediatric celiac disease—immunohistochemical smdy of the intraepithelial lymphocytic component. Med Set Monit. 2004 10 CR38-CR42. 

Alsaigh N, Odze R, Goldman H, et al. Gastric and esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes in pediatric celiac disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996 20 865-870. 

Increased intraepithelial-lymphocytes Increased plasma cells in the lamina propria... 

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