Labelling, hazardous substances

OSHA requires all chemical manufacturers to label hazardous substances with specific types of information. Many companies use either the National Fire Prevention Association (NFRA) format or the Hazardous Materials Information Systems (HMIS) format. An example of each logo is shown below. The logos use the same color and number designations, but slightly different ways of presenting them. A zero indicates that no hazard exists, while a 4 indicates an extreme hazard. Always look for hazard labels on bottles of chemicals before you use the chemicals. 

A list of danger categories is given in Table 14.2. Note that chemicals may possess several hazards, e.g. nitric acid is classed as both an oxidizer and a conosive. If a chemical is not in one of these categories it is not generally considered to be dangerous. If the hazards of a new chemical have not been established it should be labelled Caution - substance not yet fully tested . Mixtures can be classified either from results from tests on the preparation, or by calculation to predict the healtli effects of the product based on the properties of individual components and tlieu concentration in the mixture. Preparations need to be classified for both physico-chemical and health effects but, to date, not for environmental effects. 

On the basis of the available toxicological data and experience, alkane-sulfonates are to be classified and labeled as irritant in accordance with EEC Regulations on Hazardous Substances. 

An environmental protocol has been developed to assess the significance of newly discovered hazardous substances that might enter soil, water, and the food chain. Using established laboratory procedures and C-labeled 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we determined mobility of TCDD by soil TLC in five soils, rate and amount of plant uptake in oats and soybeans, photodecomposition rate and nature of the products, persistence in two soils at 1,10, and 100 ppm, and metabolism rate in soils. We found that TCDD is immobile in soils, not readily taken up by plants, subject to photodecomposition, persistent in soils, and slowly degraded in soils to polar metabolites. Subsequent studies revealed that the environmental contamination by TCDD is extremely small and not detectable in biological samples. 

Requirements for labelling of containers for supply may differ from those for conveyance. Key features of a supply label are to identify the substance (the chemical name in most cases) and any hazards and safety precuations. In Europe the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances is covered by Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. This requires labels to identify appropriate risk and safety phrases (Tables 12.2 and 12.3) depending upon product properties. A substance is considered dangerous if in Part lA of an approved list or if it exhibits hazardous properties as defined in Schedule 1 for supply, or Schedule 2 for conveyance as shown in Tables 12.4 and 12.5. Substances not tested should be labelled Caution — substance not yet fully tested . Criteria for risk phrases are provided, e.g. as in Table 12.6 for toxic compounds. 

The Blue Angel eco-labels for leather may be awarded to the product leather which has been manufactured in an environmentally friendly way, from the health point of view does not have an adverse impact on the living environment and does not contain any hazardous substances that would significantly impede recycling. 

To minimise hazardous additives in used goods and to improve their recyclability, it is, for example, required to strictly label appliances containing hazardous substances and to improve safe handling of those goods. For persistent hazardous substances like fluorinated compounds, inventories covering production, trade, transportation, applications and disposal are extremely helpful to identify sources and sinks in the technosphere and in the environment and their impact. 

Germany no labels and fixed places for small portions of hazardous substances Because several chemical materials came together at a laboratory a toxic cloud emerged from the sink 3 1992 - 1999 U SA, Switzerland Great-Britain... 

The same basic packaging and labeling requirements described above for PMN s, and the authority for provisional regulation of new hazardous substances, also apply to the Member States review of followup notifications. Thus, if subsequent notices and additional test data warrant changes in packaging and labeling provisions, or justify the imposition of production or use restrictions, the Member States may take action to impose such requirements. 

In September 1998 the RAL Quality Coimnunity on mineral wool, which represents 90% of mineral wool manufacturers, was established on the basis of an sector-wide agreement. It is also the owner of the qnality label mineral wool products and works to promote the diffusion of biosolnble mineral wools (GGM 01). The RAL label on the prodncts signifies easily identifiable information, which at the same time has been verified and continnonsly examined by a nential institution, as to whether a mineral wool product is released as per Annexe V no. 7.1 of the German Ordinance on Hazardous Substances. 

Under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, fuel oils are designated as hazardous substances subject to special requirements for packaging, labeling, and transportation (DOT 1989a, 1989b). 

Committee of Experts has been allocated a unique four-digit number, called the Substance UN Number (or simply the UN Number). Thus a hazardous substance can be distinctly identified by the Substance UN Number (also called the Substance Identification Number or SIN). UN Serial number 0001 to 1000 are reserved for Class 1 items, that is, explosives and ammunition. The nine classes of dangerous goods and hazardous chemicals with a distinctive diamond shaped label bearing a pictorial diagram for quick hazard recognition are ... 

Hazardous substances requires the labeling of containers of toxic substances in the workplace... 

Consumer Product and Safety Commission (CPSC) - under the Department of Labor. Its goal is to protect the consumer against unreasonable risks from products specified by legislation such as the Hazardous Substances Labeling Act, Consumer Product Safety Act, and Flammable Fabrics Act. (http //www.cpsc.gov/)... 

Labeling. The Federal Hazardous Substance Labeling Act (95) requires that all containers sold to consumers be labeled with appropriate precautionary wording to protect the user and employees from injury resulting from contact with the chemical. The capacities of all packages up to and including 208-L (55-gal) drums customarily are indicated by labels. The information includes identification of the material, notification of principal hazards and precautions for use, and antidotes or first-aid measures if applicable. 

Potassium compounds listed as hazardous substances by the U.S. EPA are given in Table 17. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) maintains a Hazardous Materials Table that designates the listed materials as hazardous for the purpose of transportation, packaging, and labeling (50). Potassium compound DOT hazard classifications are also listed in Table 17. 

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