Taking action

For example, yesterday the plant manager did a housekeeping inspection in the assembly area. This he had never done previously and is therefore a safety action that is another building block toward the culture. The standard should require weekly 

An employee submitted a near-miss incident report about a piece of the roof that was blown off by the wind and landed on the walkway used by employees on their way to the canteen. Previously this would not have been reported unless someone had been injured. The event was reported and immediate action taken. This safety action seldom happened before. It is therefore a change of attitude brought about by the knowledge that the employee did not have to put his name on the report and would not be singled out or intimidated by his or her peers for submitting the report. When it comes to reporting, safety amnesty eliminates a great deal of the partidpa-tion-in-safety fear factor. 

Managers should start practicing management by walkabout and visit their respective work areas. They must speak to their anployees, who are vital sources of information and are often overlooked in a culture intervention. Employees love to talk about safety and can tell more about the current state of safety in the plant than the audit will. The scheduled site visits and safety walkabouts should be written into the key performance areas of managers at all levels. This would be part of assigning safety responsibility, as discussed. 

The other common avenue of investigation is through mechanistic studies - through the application of basic science in the laboratory, can we understand the mechanism Knowing, for example, that an adverse effect mostly occurs in people who are poor metab-olisers of specific hepatic cytochrome substrates could be important in developing preventive measures. 

The ultimate purpose of pharmacovigilance is prevention and therefore the actions which are taken will generally be intended to help prevent the occurrence of ADRs. There are many factors which may impact on the potential for prevention of ADRs. Broadly these may be classified into characteristics of the user or the drug. For example  

Based on these possibilities, a wide variety of potential actions may be considered and in various combinations. It is useful to think of these in relation to the structure of the summary of product characteristics (SPC) - sections 4.1-4.9 and the potential amendments which might be made. For example  

Indications/Uses Limiting the indications to particular conditions w/ith the greatest benefits by removal of indications (a) for w/hich the benefits are insufficient to justify use (b) for w/hich use is associated with a greater risk of the ADR 

Dosing instructions Reductions in dose (may be applied to specific groups e.g. the elderly) limitations on duration or frequency of treatment (especially for ADRs related to cumulative dose) provision of information on safer administration 

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Where a Member State ascertains tliat a product, bearing the CE-marking and used in accordance with its intended use, is liable to endanger the safety of persons or health, it shall take all appropriate measures to withdraw such a product from the market. That Member State shall immediately Inform the Commission which is obliged to investigate whether or not the measure is justified. Where the Commission considers that the measure is justified, it shall immediately inform the Member State which took the initiative and also the other Member States. This entails that the other Member States must also take action against the product concerned. That latter disposition is referred to as the safeguard clause. 

These ambiguities eventuady led the Federal Trade Commission to take action ia the case of cedular plastics and to restrict the use of such terminology (3). This action, ia addition to the prohibition placed on the use of certain terminology, requires the use of a caveat whenever the results of burning tests are cited. Much of the older Hterature, however, as wed as some of the more recent pubHcations, use this restricted terminology. 

One of the products of a nuclear power plant PSA is a list of plant responses to initiating events (accident starters) and the sequences of events that could follow. By evaluating the significance of the identified risk contributors, it is possible to identify the high-risk accident. sequences and take actions to mitigate them. 

Quality control is often regarded as a post-event activity i.e. a means of detecting whether quality has been achieved and taking action to correct any deficiencies. However, one can control results by installing sensors before, during, or after the results are created. It all depends on where you install the sensor, what you measure, and the consequences of failure. 

Take action every time there is misunderstanding. Don t let it go unattended and don t admonish those who may have misunderstood policy. It may not be their fault ... 

Authority is in simple terms the right to take actions and make decisions. In the management context it constitutes a form of influence and a right to take action, to direct and coordinate the actions of others, and to use discretion in the position occupied by an individual, rather than in the individual themselves. The delegation of authority permits decisions to be made more rapidly by those who are in more direct contact with the problem. 

The object of the studies is to compute the indices and then take action to reduce common cause variation by preventive maintenance, mistake-proofing, operator training, revision to procedures and instructions, etc. 

The standard does not require you to take corrective action on every nonconformity or prevent every potential nonconformity. Here it is suggested that the decision to act should be based on the magnitude of the problem and the risks encountered. It is therefore implying that you only need act on the vital few. In fact this is good practice anyway, but to find that vital few you need to collect and analyze most of the data in the first place. Having made your proposals you should then conduct a risk analysis as part of the solution. Before managers will take action, they need to know ... 

Many organizations use a Nonconformity Report to deal with the remedial action and a Corrective Action Report or Request (CAR) to prevent the recurrence of one or more nonconformities. In this way you are not committed to taking action on every incident but on a group of incidents when the action and its cost can be more easily justified. 

To prevent a nonconformity from recurring you may need to take action on product which is in service. Some products may not have failed because they may not have been used in the manner needed to cause failure. Nevertheless there is a nonconformity if some product has failed and it is discovered that it is a common-cause nonconformity and all product is affected. You then need to decide whether to recall all product which has the defect and devise and implement a recall plan. 

Don t take action before you have confirmed the presence of a problem. 

An environment in which employees are free (within defined limits) to take action to operate, maintain, and improve the processes for which they are responsible using their own expertise and judgement. 

Emphasize in operator training that operators should take action on unusual readings, not just write them down. Make. sure they know the action to take. 

Wlien ownership rights are less well defined, or not easily defended, the incentives for resource owners to efficiently use resources in a safe, non—polluting way, are decreased or removed. Individuals are less likely to take expensive, time-consuming action to protect a resource that they do not own, and by which they are not directly affected financially. For instance, most landowners would be quick to take action to prevent garbage generated by a local business from piling up in their own backyard. However, they would be less likely to take actions to prevent the same business from polluting a nearby lake or river. The reason is that any one individual has less direct, or at least less obvious, interest in the lake or river, than they do in their own property—and usually less ability to affect the outcome. 

A Class 5 installation follows the Class 4 concept, but is characterized by having pumps operating with identical spares and have one or more pumps operating in plant bays where product storage gives time to assess the problem and to take action to get the pump back on-line. 

As a project progresses and you monitor performance, there will be times when actual does not measure up to plan. This calls for corrective action. However, don t be too quick to take action. Some deficiencies turn out to be self-correcting. It is unrealistic to expect steady and consistent progress day after day. Sometimes you ll fall behind and sometimes you ll be ahead, but in a well-planned project, you will probably finish on schedule and within budget. 

Inherent defects in either the system or the equipment, or infant mortality (see below) cause a low MTTF. Inherent defects will result in units failing more frequently than is desirable. These defects can be corrected by locating and correcting them or by taking action to reduce their effects, thus improving machine life. 

The goal is to stay in the green zone as long as possible and to take action whenever you enter the yellow zone, so you never enter the red zone. 

They constantly look to take action, constantly look to improve what they are doing so that they can refine the process and perfect the art. After 3, 6 or sometimes 9 months hard work and effort the child succeeds. It walks across the room for the first time. 

False. An element of risk can make a sport very exciting. However, it is necessary to understand the nature of that risk and take action to control it, e.g. wearing protective clothing. 

In Section III,C we argued that one should identify the worst-case scenario for the violation of Constraint-1 and take action to ensure that a White Knight operation is carried out before any offending operation (i.e., Clobberer), in order to negate its impact (i.e., violation of mixing constraint). The worst-case scenario occurs when the plant has the following two sets of valves OPEN at the same time ... 

Monitoring, violation and sanction spheres Systematic monitoring of dmg information is not undertaken in all the countries a number of countries rely on complaints filed either by competitor companies or by consumers. Self-regulation is also used in most countries, although there are no mechanisms for taking action against those who violate the regulations. 

SDSI will engage and recognize two types of participants - those who have phased-out the manufacture or use of NPE surfactants, and those who commit to a phaseout and take action to implement it. Participants may include supphers, formulators, retailers/distributors, end-users, and others who actively encourage the use of safer surfactants. ... 

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