Laboratory, procedure for

In the laboratory or process research section a laboratory procedure for a fine chemical is worked out. The resulting process description provides the necessary data for the determination of preliminary product specifications, the manufacture of semicommercial quantities in the pilot plant, the assessment of the ecological impact, an estimation of the manufacturing cost in an industrial-scale plant, and the vaHdation of the process and determination of raw material specifications. 

Laboratory procedures for proximate and ultimate analyses are given in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards (Sec. 5, American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken, Pa., 1994) and in Methods of Analyzing and Testing Coal and Coke (U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 638, 1967). 

The following undergraduate laboratory procedure for the synthesis of diphenylmethanol using the Grignard methodology (Box 4.1) according to Scheme 4.1 is given as an illustrative example where the above analysis is employed. 

Alkylation reactions. In a laboratory procedure for the alkylation of benzene with benzyl chloride using the catalyst EPZIO at room temperature 100% conversion of the alkylating agent in less than 15 minutes was obtained (Envirocats, 1990). EPZE was efficiently used in the sulphonation of o-xylene with benzenesulphonyl chloride to give 3,4-... 

Metals and alloys do not respond alike to all the influences of the many factors that are involved in corrosion. Consequently, it is impractical to establish any universal standard laboratory procedures for corrosion testing except for inspection tests. However, some details of laboratory testing need careful attention in order to achieve useful results. 

During operation, samples of all flows were taken for suspended solids analysis. These tests were performed by a qualified local analytical laboratory. Procedures for this analysis were as outlined in standard methods.47 Glass fiber filter pads with a particle size retention of 1.2 pm were used. 

Recommended Laboratory Procedures (For Quantities Less Than 50 Grams) If the... 

A titration is a laboratory procedure for determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a solution of known concentration. 

Which of following are proper laboratory procedures for a titration ... 

Clive, D. and Spector, J.F.S., Laboratory procedure for assessing specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, Mutat. Res., 31, 17, 1975. 

Poli, M., Laboratory procedures for detoxification of equipment and waste contaminated with brevetoxins PbTx-2 and PbTx-3, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 71, 5, 1000, 1988. 

Wang, L.K. DeMichele, E. Wang, M.H.S. Simplified Laboratory Procedures for DO Determination, PB88-168067/AS US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA, 1985 13 p. 

Process development, namely upgrading quick and dirty laboratory procedures for sample preparation to economically and ecologically viable industrial-scale manufacturing processes (see also Chapter 6). 

W.H. Rinkenbach A.J. Clear, Standard Laboratory Procedures for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives",... 

A.J. Clear, "Standard Laboratory Procedures for Determining Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives", PATR 3278 (Dec 1965) [Superseding PATR FRL-TR-25 (l )6l] Impact Test with Picatinny Arsenal Apparatus (pp 2-4 and Figs 1, 2, 3 4, pp 32-35) Impact Test with US Bureau of Mines Apparatus (pp 4-7 and Figs 5, 6 7, pp... 

A.R. Lusardi, "A Manual of Laboratory Procedures for the Analysis and Testing of Explosives and Pyrotechnics , Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, Sections 100 200... 

GH) A.J. Cleat, "Standard Laboratory Procedures for Determining Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives , PATR 3278 (1965), FREL, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover,... 

Miles, JCS 1931 2532-42 (Formation and characterization of crysts of LA and some other initiating expls) 5)K.S.Warren, PATR 1152 (1942), "Study of the Action of Lead Azide on Copper 6)J.Fleischer J.B. Burtle, USP 2,421,778 (1947) "Initiating Explosives 7)Wm.H.Rinkenbach A.J. Clear, PATR Rev 1(1950), "Standard Laboratory Procedures for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives 8)U.S.Military Specification MIL-L-3055, Amend 1(1952) (Requirements and tests for dextrinated lead azide) 9)J-Bernstein, GLR 51-HI-2332, Pic Arsn (1952) "Hygroscopicity of Dextrinated Lead Azide 10)J.W.Lavitt, PATR 1957 (1953), "An Improved Microscopic Method for the Determination of the Crystal Size Distribution of 2-Micron RDX" 11)F.P. Bowden K.Singh, Nature 172, 378(1953) (Size effects in the initiation and growth of explosives) 12)J.W.C.Taylor, A.T.Thomas... 

CA 40, 2764(1946)(Polaro-graphic detn of azide ion in general and in LA in particular) 5)D.F.Vasil ev, Trudy-KomissiiAnalKhim, OtdelKhimNauk, 2, [5], 90-5(1949) St CA 44, 9300-1(1950) (Polarogra-phic detn of Pb content of LA) 6)IJS Military Specification MIL-L-3Q55(1949) an Amendment 1 (1952) (Requirements for crystalline LA intended for use in manuf of detonators, fuzes and priming compns) 7)W.H. Rinkenbach A. J.Clear, "Standard Laboratory Procedures for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives", PicArsnTech Rept 1401 (1944), Revised in 1950 8)J. 

P or Pat PA or PicArsn PACLR PAGLR PACT PAMR or picArsnMemRept Partington(1950) Pascal(1930) PATR or PicArsnTech Rept PATR 1401(Rev 1)1 (1950) i Patent Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ Picatinny Arsenal Chemical Laboratory Report Picatinny Arsenal General Laboratory Report Prevention des Accidents-Con troles Techniques(Bruxelles) Picatinny Arsenal Memorandum Report J.R.Partington, "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Macmillan, London(l95( P.Pascal,"Explosifs, Poudres, Gaz de Com bat, Hermann, Paris(1930) Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report, Dover, New Jersey Wm. H.Rinkenbach A.J.Clear, Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report No 1401, (1950), "Standard Laboratory Procedure for Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives ... 

Vacuum Stability Test. See in Vol 1, Introduction , TV XXVI, and under Stability and Instability of Explosives in Vol 6, E438-R Addnl Refs 1) AJ. Clear, Standard Laboratory Procedures for Determining Sensitivity, Brisance and Stability of Explosives , PATR 3278 (Rev 1) (1970), 18-28 2) R. Meyer,... 

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