Kind of Hazard

Materials which are oxidizers are identified by the letters OX. This hazard symbol would be placed in the bottom square for such materials as potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, dibenzoyl peroxide, and liquid oxygen. 

Materials that possess radioactivity hazards are identified with the standard radioactivity s3nnbol, placed in the bottom square. 

Health NFPA 704 recognizes essentially three basic hazard classes, health, reactivity, and fire. In general, the health hazard class refers to the capacity of a material to cause ii jury from contact with or absorption into the body. In this classification scheme, only the health hazard arising out of an inherent property of the material is considered. Iiyury fix m the heat of a fire or 

The NFPA 704 system recognizes two sources of health hazard one is the toxic products of combustion or the toxic products of decomposition under lire conditions the second source is from the inherent properties of the material. The standard principally contemplates a single exposure which may vary from a few seconds to an hour. The level of physical effort which fire fighting or other emergency conditions require often intensifies the effects of exposure. Exposure is defined as inhalation, skin contact, oral ingestion and skin absorption. 

While the emphasis in the 1980 revision of this Standard in defining health hazard is principally upon acute effects, the fire-fighting community is seriously concerned with chronic health effects. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that firemen pay a significant health toll in protecting society from the devastation of uncontrolled fire. Thus the residual injury that may result from exposure to toxic chemicals or their decomposition and/or combustion products should be a consideration when evaluating health hazard. 

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Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and 69 ratified the ban on all kinds of hazardous waste export from wealthy OECD-countries to non-OECD countries, large amounts of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are shipped overseas for recycling, the majority to China as reported by Brigden et al. [2] and Puckett et al. [3], lesser quantities to India and Western Africa reported by Kuper and Hojsik [4]. WEEE contains a variety of harmful substances like endocrine disruptors and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Additionally, hazardous substances may be formed during informal recycling. This often practised informal treatment without proper equipment for metal extraction and labour safety heavily affects the environment and human health of workers and the inhabitants of whole stretches of land. 

The duty of the employer and safety personnel is to assess the chances and kinds of hazards that require the use of PPE. 

To the uninitiated, it would seem that all materials offered for transportation are considered hazardous. Obviously, this is not the case, since not all materials transported pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property, the basic criteria for regulating a material for transportation. Only liiose materials classified as hazardous under the Department of Transportation criteria are regulated and the degree of restriction which the regulation imposes depends on the kind of hazard or hazards for which the product is classified. 

As in the NFPA 704 System, the signal words Danger , Warning , Caution (used in other systems to indicate level or degree of hazard), are replaced by a numerical 0-4 rating system to indicate degree of hazard while the color or color background defines the kind of hazard involved. 

The health, reactivity and flammability hazard classes are divided into 5 levels and assigned a number from 0 to 4, as in the NFPA 704 system. This system, thus, utilizes kind of hazard and level of hazard NFPA concepts. 

An interesting observation with this kind of hazard is that it can be difficult for risk evaluators without domain knowledge to appreciate the full extent of the clinical risk. A call operator in the manufacturer s service centre is unlikely to be able to determine whether a particular example of misleading information could appear believable to a clinician. This is one instance when a clinical viewpoint is essential in prioritising a service incident. 

Go to the hardware department in a large department store and choose five products. Then list the kinds of hazardous wastes the manufacture of these products might produce. Use Table 11.7 as a guide. 

Powder is a solid material in the sense of its state, but its physical and chemical behaviour may be quite different from that of the corresponding bulk material. The most important characteristics of powders, i.e. enhanced reactivity, capability of blowing about, reduced thermal conductivity, involve several kinds of hazards. 

Nevertheless, most disposal companies are moving toward incineration disposal, particularly for the kinds of hazardous waste generated by laboratories. Their typical variety of different wastes, usually in small quantities, makes incineration a favorable option. Laboratory waste can often be incinerated in its shipping Lab Packs without any further handling. Commingled flammable solvents are commonly blended with the incinerator fuel and thus destroyed as they provide energy for the burning process. 

For each of these types of hazards different kinds of hazardous events can occur. For each identified hazardous event it is necessary to determine its severity and probabihty to be able to identify whether any risk reduction measures are necessary or not. Chapter 6.5 in [ISO/TR 14121-2] describes a hybrid tool to determine whether risk reduction is necessary or not for the identified hazardous events. 

Many of the other materials used in a chlor-alkali plant present some kind of hazard. A brief discussion of some of these follows. Much more detail is available in the suppliers MSDS and other literature. 

What kinds of hazards you might encounter and why those hazards are dangerous. 

Chemicals come in bottles or containers that are labeled. OSHA requires that the label must contain information about the principal hazards of the chemical—that s the law You should always examine the label to look for hazard information, and this information often comes in specific terms or symbols denoting the hazard or hazards of a chemical. Did you catch that we used hazard or hazards in the previous sentence It is not unusual for a chemical to have more than one kind of hazard, but a label may only have information about the principal hazard of a chemical—it may not necessarily include all of its potential hazards. For example, you may And that the label on a bottle of n-hexane says Flammable, Highly Flammable, or Extremely Flammable, but as you learn more about n-hexane you will And that it also has toxic properties. 

Recognize the different kinds of hazards that may cause injury to eyes. Don t assume that nonchemistry labs don t require eye protection. 

The aim of this chapter is to lay a foundation for discussion of many kinds of hazards and their control. The foundation involves understanding what a hazard is, how to recognize it and how to choose the controls that prevent incidents and accidents and any harm that may result. Other chapters in Part III of the book will apply this foundation to specific kinds of hazards. 

Another kind of hazard is getting caught in a machine or tool. Many people have experienced the pinching action of a pair of pliers. One can get caught in many ways. Power transmission elements, such as belts, chains, gears, linkages, shafts, and other components, have pinch points or catch... 

What are four kinds of hazards of tools and machines ... 

There are many kinds of hazards for materials handling activities and equipment. Some are unique to particular activities, equipment, or kinds of materials. For example, manual materials handling poses dangers that are different from the use of cranes or hoists. Electrical powered equipment has electrical hazards, while other energy sources pose other hazards, such as flammability. Mobile equipment hazards differ from hazards for fixed equipment. For... 

There are many references that deal with the control of hazards in facilities. There are laws, regulations, and consensus standards for many kinds of hazards. There are references containing design guidance and criteria that cap-tore the experience of others. Some of these references deal with particular kinds of facilities. 

The interface of CAD information with DBMS continues to improve. This provides the capability to extend management of safety information further. For example, there may be a need to associate accident data by department with floor plans. Drawings can show the exact location for each accident. The drawings can add insight into frequency and severity of accidents. In a similar way colors or shading can represent risk types or severity levels on floor plans or site maps. The risks may show the kinds of hazards. 

Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) is a new potential source of energy in the world. Many researchers study the exploitation and exploration of NGH recently. Most of previous attentions are paid on the exploitation of NGH (Sakamoto et al., 2007, 2009). However, NGH dissociation can decrease the strength of NGH sediment and induce kinds of hazards such as stratum landslide (Lu et al., 2008,2010, 2011 Zhang et al., 2011 William et al., 2004). For example, the Storegga slide in Norway (Locat and Lee, 2002 Hovland et al., 2001), Cape Fear slide in east coast of America and the landslide in continental shelf of west Africa (Kayer and Lee, 1991 Sultan et al., 2004) and some other landslides (Gilles et al., 1999) in oceans all resulted from NGH dissociation. Thus it is very important to know if the NGH-bearing sediment and its structures are stable during/after dissociation of NGH. However, only few analyses on the stratum instability resulted from NGH dissociation have been carried out. 

Look at each of these basic accident types in more detail. Analyze each job step (first column of the JSA/JHA form in Table 12.1) separately look for only one kind of hazard or accident at a time. 

Hazard factor (HF) There are two kinds of hazard caused by the toxicity, fire, or explosion effect on materials, (1) General purpose, where the intensity of an accident increases on account of its presence. (2) Special purpose, where the probability of an accident increases (Clause 2.1.1). 

In any plant there are certain obvious hazards, for example, fire hazard in shale shaker area of offshore facility or generator are hydrogen cooled generators in power plants. HAZID is not meant to identify such kinds of hazards only. There needs to be some realty and lateral thinking power while carrying out the study. Also there always exist certain chances of a hazard in a complex event, on account of a series of activities. In the study this can be revealed. These characteristics shall include but are not limited to the following ... 

At work, your hands are exposed to three kinds of hazards ... 

Examine and inspect similar designs (including identification of the kinds of hazards and how they were controlled) actually go to the sites and look them over. 

A listing of typical hazards and their effects on particular systems and subsystems (this is very useful, saving money by not rediscovering the kinds of hazards that may exist)... 

What kind of hazards and risks appear to be involved Will large populations be affected Will workers be exposed to toxic levels or other hazardous situations regularly Do accidents result in explosions, fire, toxic spills, etc. ... 

The heart of the book are Chapters 6 through 9, where best system safety techniques from different industries are presented. Various kinds of hazard analyses are... 

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